Unit 3 Flashcards
Contact evidence
Fingerprints DNA Shoe impressions Hairs and fibres Marks Paint and Glass Cross contamination
Initial Action at a Crime Scene
APC
Assess
Protect (cordons and tents)
Communicate (csm & serg)
Notebook entry at crime scene
Time called to scene & time of arrival
People present on arrival.
Weather conditions
Exact position of key evidence (body, weapon)
Exact positions of object around the scene
Signs of a struggle
Location of keys. - doors open, locked or broken.
Sketch of the scene
Odours
Lights on or off
Other present at the scene.
Eye witness description of suspect.
A - age B - build C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - \+ S
Details of a suspect
Time - how long
Distance - from how far away
Light - how was the visibility? Day light / night?
Previously seen - seen them before or remembered them for any particular reason
Observation - was it clear or impeded
Essentials required to prove guilt.
C R I E S
Crime has been committed Relevant charge to the crime Id of the accused as suspect Evidence is competent/ admissible Sufficient evidence.
Hearsay evidence.
C I D
Caution - said under caution
Involuntary- explication made by someone at the time of the relevant incident.
Death - on their death bed made by a witness. Dying deposition.
MAGICOP - sufficiency of evidence.
M - A - G - I - C - O - P -
Moorov Doctrine and Howden principle
Moorov (more of)
Two or more crimes committed but same offender BUT only one eye witness to each crime.
Eg flasher
Howden (how done)
No identification but the offences are similar so accused may be convicted.
Eg Housebreaking
Circumstantial evidence.
Each fact and circumstance inferring the guilt of the accused
The more corroboration is secured and the stronger the cable becomes.
When to arrest.
R A I S E + I N G
Refusing to desist Abode. Interest of public safety Satisfaction of name (cannot verify) Evident intention to abscond \+ Interview Note - witness statements, dither enquiry Get samples
Advantages of arrest
S P I N F R E D
Search Photograph Id parade Non invasive samples Finger prints Restrain and control Examine injuries. Dental impressions, other invasive samples
Information soon arrest.
I N R A N S
Inform under arrest Nature of the offence. Reason for arrest. Administrated caution Note any replies. Solicitor
Not officially accused
Can be held for a maximum of 12hours. Authorised by the custody sergeant. Will be reviewed after 6 hours. Extensions - Over 18 an inspector Under 18 a chief inspector
Section 90 & 91 police and fire reform Scotland act 2012
90 To obstruct, Resist, Assault or Hinder A police officer.
91
To remove a person from custody
Or
Assist the escape from custody.
The charge
- Date of offence (when)
- Locus (where)
- The accused (who)
- Nature of the crime / offence (what)
- Mode of prep (how)
- Value of property (of relevant)
- Statue contravened (where appropriate)
P L A N E
P - proportionate L - legal A - accountable N - necessary E - ethical
Risk factors to consider prior to arrest
Head injuries or other injuries. Physical disability Alcohol / drug dependences Withdrawal symptoms Attempts or thoughts of self harm Mental health ongoing medical conditions Medication Dental / medical implants Difficulty reading or writing Pregnant HM armed forces Compliance
Levels of search
Standard (operational or custody)
Strip (custody only)
Intimate (custody only )
Vulnerability assessment questions (VAQ)
Suicide prevention questions
21 questions.
Custody sergeant will decide to grade them high or low.
Establishing the risk, care plan and consider observation levels 15/30/60 mins.
9 suicide qs
Custody disposals
Release for report (summons)
Release on undertaking (agree court date and bail with conditions)
Keep in custody pending court appearance the next lawful day
Types of warrants
Apprehension warrant (arrest)
Means enquiry warrant (unpaid fine)
Extract conviction warrant (unpaid fine offered as a alternative to prison, straight to jail so not pass go (custody))
Witness warrant (must attend court)
Breach of home detention curfew warrant (arrest taken to court)
Revocation of licence warrant (arrest go to jail)
Checks prior to executing a warrant
A R M R E S T
A - accused personal details R - reason for arrest or charge. M - means enquiry amount (if relevant) R - remember to check date of issue. E - extent of police powers S - signature of issuing authority T - the date and court sentenced
Check to warrant to current and live.
Categories of warrants & Timescales.
A - very serious offences, failure or appear in high court, substantial risk to public, cases with sexual element, agreed is a local priority.
B - not cat A but involves use or possession of weapons, radically aggravated, domestic violence, serious RTA offences.
C - not A or B
Unclassified - unpaid financial penalties. Eg means enquiry
Timescales A - 21 days B - 28 days C - 60 days Unclassified- local agreement.
Categories of Standard Prosecution Report (SPR) & priority type.
Categories
- Common Law
- Statutory
- Road Traffic
Priority
- Custody Report (a person will appear in court from custody, serious crime)
- Summons/ Warrant Report (any summons report or report for warrant)
- Undertaking Report (if breached bail can be released from court with conditions)
Direct measure - non reported options
Discretionary (verbal) warnings
Recorded police warnings (RPW)
Antisocial Behaviour fixed penalty notices (ASB FPN)
RPW & FPN
Must be 16 or over without a CSO
RPW
On record for 2 year and live for 3 months
Not to exceed -
More than 1 in 3 months or 3 in 12 months (over 18)
More than 2 in 3 months or 4 in 12 months.
FPN
£40 paid within 28days increases to £60 after. If offender has been recently (in the last 6months) issued more than one ASB FPN for the same offence.
Statement taking disclosable evidence
What are the two types of evidence?
Inculpatory - evidence that points to the guilt of the accused
Exculpatory - evidence which points to the innocence of the accused.
Signs of trauma
Depression Crying Numbness Flashbacks Stress Feeling sick Feeling of shame /guilt Social isolation Triggers
These symptoms can be overwhelming and lead to other issues such as alcohol and substance misuse, self harm and disassociation.
Human rights articles
Article 2 - right to life Article 3 - prohibition of torture 5 - right to Liberty and security 6 - right to a fair trial 8 - right to respect for private and family life 14 - prohibition of discrimination
Different types of a production
D A C A Document Article Connected with the crime Any other thing
Advantages of airwaves
Improved officer safety Clarity of radio voice transmissions Secure, encrypted communications for all users Extended coverage Other functions- phone & text.
Advantages of airwaves
Improved officer safety Clarity of radio voice transmissions Secure, encrypted communications for all users Extended coverage. Other functions - phone text.
Talk groups on the airwaves.
Talkgroups
Primary talkgroups
Trucked mode operation
Direct mode operation (walkie talkie- no signal)
Emergency button (red button)
Point to point (need anything from the coop)
Transmit inhibit (when in ambulance or road side drink test)
Phone calls and texts.
Lights on airwaves
Green - in use. Green flashing - reception Red - no reception Red flashing - connecting to network. Yellow - TXI (transmit inhibit) Black - switched off
Airwave speak - basic rules of communication
A B C D A - accuracy B - brevity C - clarity D - discipline
Interview questioning skills - open questions
T E D
Tell
Explain
Describe
The PRICE interview model
P R I C E
Planning & preparation Rapport Information Clarify and confirm Evaluate
Witness interview structure
Intro / assess welfare / consider vulnerabilities
Interview principles explained
First free recall - “tell me what happened…”
Gather info from relevant stages using appropriate topics
- before
- during
- after the incident
Clarify - make sure both understand events
Evaluate- next statement notation or further interview
Signpost witness - inform them of the next steps.
