Unit 3 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Law of thermodynamics
Energy can be transferred/transformed just not destroyed
- energy is lost along the way
Catabolic
Large molecules break down into small ones; energy is released
Anabolic
Small molecules assemble into large ones; energy required
Exergonic reaction
Breakdown into simpler molecules, fewer bonds, energy left
Endergonic reaction
Synthesis of more complex molecules, more bonds
Energy coupling
The use of a reaction that releases energy (exergonic) to drive a reaction taht requires energy (endergonic)
Structure of enzyme
Lock and key like; substrate locks into active site of the enzyme
Enzyme action
With the pressence of enzymes the cell uses less energy and produces the same amount of products
Denaturalization
folded protein unfolds, enzymes are proteins
- changes of temperature and pH outside of the optimal range for an anzyme will cause changes to structure which alters its efficiency
Temperature for enzymes
Lower temperature decreases the speed of movement
Higher temperature increase collision, but if it is too high then it will denature
Concentration
Increase in enzyme and subtrate concentraton increases the reaction rate, but it then levels out
Competitive inhibitors
Inhibitor gets in active site blocking the substrate from binding
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Changes shape of the of enzyme so it cannot bind to substrate
Feedback inhibition
Product of an enzymatic pathways can swtich off an enzyme in the pathway
Photosynthesis equation
Carbon dioxide + water —> sugar + oxygen
Oxidation
OIL
Oxidating is losing electrons
Reduction
RIG
Reduction is gaining electrons
Light Reactions produce
In thylakoid
ATP and NADPH produced, powers the Calvin cycle (stroma)
Light and H2O through light reaction in thylakoid, produces O2
CO2 into calvin cycle in stroma, produces sugar
Light reactions
Water is split —> energy electrons replaced with electrons from the water. Oxygen released. Photosystem I and II are in the internal membrane of chloroplast
ETC creates proton gradient in internal membrane
ATP and ADP is activated because of ATP synthase
Calvin cycle
ATP and NADPH from light reactions powers Calvin cycle
Products : ADP and NADP+ and G3P
In stroma
Cellular respiration formula
Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
NAD+ and FADH
Electron carried reduced during glycolysis, oxydation of pyruvate, and the Krebs cycle turns it into NADH and DADH2
Krebs cycle ETC
NADH and FADH2 carry electrons and become NAD+ and DADH and ETC creates proton gradient for ATP production
Glycolysis
In cytoplasm
No mitochondria, no oxygen
Glucose —>ADP, NADH, pyruvate
