Unit 1

Question 1

Polarity

Answer 1

uneven distribution of charge throughout a molecule

Question 2

H bonds

Answer 2

Weak bonds, can be easily broken

Positive attracts negative

Question 3

Cohesion

Answer 3

Water molecules attracted to one another through H bonds

- high surface tension

Question 4

Adhesion

Answer 4

Water molecules attracted to other polar molecules via h bonds

Question 5

High specific heat

Answer 5

Takes more energy to increase water temp

Question 6

Floating ice

Answer 6

Solid ice is less dense than liquid water

Question 7

Versatile solvent

Answer 7

Dissolves ionic and polar covalent solutes

Question 8

Macromolecules composition

Answer 8

Carbohydrates : C, H, O
Lipids : C, H, O (and P in phospholipids)
Proteins : C, H, O, N, (and S in some R groups)
Nucleic Acids : C, H, O, N, P

Question 9

Monomers

Answer 9

Building blocks of polymers

Question 10

Polymers

Answer 10

Large molecules made up of many similar molecular building blocks

Question 11

Name the different macromolecules

Answer 11

Carbohydrates
Porteins
Lipids
Nucleiuc Acids

Question 12

Monomers of macromolecules

Answer 12

Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Nucleotides

Question 13

Dehydration

Answer 13

Join two monomers together into polymer by removing water

Question 14

Hydrolysis

Answer 14

Add water molecule to break covalent bond between two monomers in a polymer

Question 15

Carbohydrates

Answer 15

• energy (glucose) and structure
• end in -ose
• monosaccharides

Chains of rings
Bonds : glycosidic bond
Presence of oxygen can make it polar

Question 16

Lipids

Answer 16

Energy storage, structure, ligands
Nonpolar
Make up phospholipids (tails hydrophobic head hydrophilic)

Steroids (hormones)

Sometimes P

Question 17

Saturated fats

Answer 17

Long chains of C-C bonds; solid at room temperature

Question 18

Unsaturated fats

Answer 18

One or more double/triple C-C bonds; liquid at room temperature

Question 19

Phospholipids

Answer 19

Phosphate Head : polar
Fatty Tail : hydrophobic
Make up plasms membrane

Question 20

Proteins

Answer 20

Structure, catalysis, signaling
Made of amino acids
Amino group on the left
Carboxyl group on the right (COOH)

SON = polar
Sometimes S

Question 21

Nucleic Acids

Answer 21

Encodes bio info
Nucleotide has : five carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
DNA and RNA

Question 22

Complex carbohydrates

Answer 22

Polysacchrides

Question 23

Protein structure

Answer 23

1 structure : sequence order of amino acids that make up polypeptide chain
2 : folding of polypeptide into alpha helices and beta sheets
3 : 3d shape
4 : multiple 3D proteins put together

Question 24

Breaking of protein

Answer 24

Can be denatured in 2, 3, 4 structure by changes in temperature and pH because of easily breakable bonds

Question 25

How many bonds between AT & CG

Answer 25

Nucleotides added to 3’ of growing strand forming covalent bonds between nucleotides.
Antiparallel double helix
A and T 2 hydrogen bonds
C and G 3 hydrogen bonds

Question 26

Nucleotide Structure

Answer 26

Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base3

Connected by covalent bonds

Question 27

DNA vs RNA

Answer 27

Deoxyribose vs ribose
ATGC / UAGC
Double / single stranded

Question 28

Structure of DNA

Answer 28

Pentose sugar, nitrogen bases, phosphorus

Question 29

Polar covalent

Answer 29

atoms are shared unequally in a covalent bond

Question 30

Capillary action

Answer 30

liquid flowing in a narrow space without the assistance of gravity

Question 31

Evaporative cooling

Answer 31

Highest energy molecules evaporate first, cooling the surface