Unit 2B- The Changing Economic World Flashcards
What is the Gross National Income (GNI)?
The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year, including income from overseas.
What is the GNI per head/capita?
The GNI divided by the population of a country
What is the birth rate?
The number of live births per thousand of the population per year.
What is the death rate?
The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year
What is the infant mortality rate?
The number of babies per thousand babies born who die before they are 1 year old
What is the literacy rate?
The percentage of adults who can read and write
How can the GNI per head/capita be misleading?
It is an average (e.g doesn’t show small number of wealthy people and a lot of poor people)
What is a HIC and examples?
The wealthiest countries such as the UK and USA
What is a NEE and examples?
A country’s wealth doesn’t stay the same, such as BRICS- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
What is a LIC and examples?
The poorest countries in the world, such as Afghanistan and Uganda
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?
Income(GNI per head/capita), life expectancy and education level. Measured from 0-1
What does a Demographic Transition Model (DTM) show?
How birth rates and death rates affect population growth
What 4 physical factors can affect how developed a country is?
Climate
Conditions of farming land
Amount of raw materials
Amount of natural disasters
What 3 economic factors can cause uneven development?
Poor trade links
Lots of debt
An economy based on primary products (raw materials)
What 2 historical factors cause uneven development?
Colonisation
Conflict
What are 3 consequences of uneven development?
Inequalities in wealth
Poor health
Migration from LICs to HICs
What are 7 strategies that can reduce the development gap?
Investment
Aid
Fair trade
Using intermediate technology
Microfinance loans
Industrial development
Debt relief
What are intermediate technologies?
Tools, machines and systems that improve quality of life but are also simple to use, affordable to buy and maintain
How does Microfinance loans help LICs?
When small loans are given to people in LICs who may not be able to get loans from banks, it enables them to start their own businesses and become financially independent.
How does industrial development help countries with low levels of development?
Developing industry boosts GNI and development, as productivity, skills and infrastructure are improved
How does dept relief help reduce the global development gap?
Some or all of a country’s debt is cancelled, or interest rates are lowered, meaning the country has more money to spend on development
What are 3 reasons why the number of science parks have grown in the UK?
Demand for high-tech products
Related businesses can boost each other
Businesses can form links with research universities
What are three causes for economic change in the UK?
Globalisation
De-industrialisation
Government policies
What are 4 important industries in the UK?
Services
Finance
Information technology
Research
