Unit 1A-Tectonic Hazards Flashcards
Which margin is it where two plates are moving towards each other and oceanic plates, meets a continental plateor two continental plates meet?
Destructive margin
Which margin is it where two plates are moving away from each other?
Constructive margin
Which margin is it where two plates, moving sideways past each other, or are moving in the same direction, but at different speeds?
Conservative margin
What does the moment magnitude scale measure?
The amount of energy released by an earthquake - called the magnitude
What are two primary effects of earthquakes?
homes become damaged.
emergency housing for people who lost their homes.
The total cost of damage is expensive.
What are two secondary effects of the 2016 New Zealand earthquake?
The earthquake generated a tsunami with waves of around 5 m, leaving debris up to 250 m in a land.
The earthquake triggered up to 100,000 landslides, which blocked major road and rail routes.
Give two examples of why lots of people live in areas at risk from tectonic hazards.
In wealthier countries, effective monitoring and evacuation plans can minimise risk.
The minerals from volcanic ash makes volcanic soil very fertile, attracting farmers.
Volcanoes are tourist attractions.
Explain how monitoring can reduce the effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Earthquakes – seismometers and lasers monitor earth movements and can be used to give a vital amount of warning.
Volcanic eruptions – scientists can monitor earthquakes, escaping gas and changes in the shape of a volcano before an eruption.
Explain how prediction can reduce the effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Earthquakes – scientists can forecast where they may occur by monitoring the movement of tectonic plates.
Volcanic eruptions – can be predicted if scientists monitor volcanoes closely.
Explain how protection can reduce the effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Earthquakes – buildings and bridges can be strengthened with steel frames. Automatic shut-off switches can turn off gas and electricity supplies to prevent fires.
Volcanic eruptions – buildings can be strengthened so that they are less likely to collapse under the weight of ash.
Explain how planning can reduce the effects of both earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
People can be educated so that they know what to do in the event of a hazard.
Emergency services can prepare e.g. by practising rescuing people from collapsed buildings.
