Unit 2B Organic Molecules Flashcards
Define Inorganic compounds
does NOT contain BOTH: C, H
Define Organic molecules
DOES contain BOTH: C, H
4 classes of organic molecules
there are 4 carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids
What kind of molecule are organic compounds?
polymer macromolecules
define macromolecule
very large molecule
define polymer
macromolecule in the shape of a train MADE OF smaller “train cars” called monomers
Describe the shape of lipids
long chain with a carbon backbone, includes oxygen
Describe the shape of carbohydrates
ring of carbon atoms
Describe monomers
large, made of repeating units
What are monosaccharides?
monomers of carbohydrates
Name some monsaccharides.
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Define disaccharide.
compound made of 2 monomers
Name and describe two carbohydrate disaccharides.
Sucrose, table sugar
- Glucose + Fructose
Lactose, found in milk,
- Glucose + Galactose
These are both used for energy.
Define and describe oligosaccharide.
Three or more monosaccharides joined together. Generally 3-50 chained together.
Define polysaccharide.
Large polymer made of many (>50) monomers.
Name and describe three carbohydrate polysaccharides.
Starch, plants, - stores energy Cellulose, fiber, plants, - structure support Glycogen, liver and muscle of animals - stores energy - body breaks it down to release glucose
Define conjugated carbohydrate.
CON-JU-GATE-D
Carbohydrate bonded with other compounds.
Name and describe some conjugated carbohydrates.
Glycolipid, lipid with bonded carbohydrate
- cell membrane
Glycoprotein, carbohydrates BONDED ONTO a protein
- cell membrane and mucus
Proteoglycans, carbohydrates with proteins bonded ONTO IT
- gel-like substances in cartilage and eye
Describe lipid features.
Diverse in structure and function.
Hydrophobic, non-polar bonds.
Define hydrophobic.
Insoluble in water.
How abundant are lipids in the body?
18-25%
Describe the elemental composition of lipids.
C, H, O, and sometimes P.
Name the major types of lipids.
There are three.
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Describe triglycerides.
a “fat” polymer
- long chain of carbon
- long-term energy storage
- protection and insulation
- located in adipose tissue
- monomers: glycerol, 3x fatty acids
Define and describe saturated fatty acid.
Fatty acid of only single-bonded carbons.
- solid at room temperature
- found in animals
Define and describe unsaturated fatty acid.
Fatty acid including double-bonded carbon.
- liquid at room temperature
- found in plants
- “oils”
Define polyunsaturated fatty acid.
An unsaturated fatty acid with a lot of double bonds.
Define and describe phospholipid.
- form cell membrane
- structure like a triglyceride with a phosphate group.
- has both a region of polar and nonpolar
