Unit 2B Organic Molecules

Question 1

Define Inorganic compounds

Answer 1

does NOT contain BOTH: C, H

Question 2

Define Organic molecules

Answer 2

DOES contain BOTH: C, H

Question 3

4 classes of organic molecules

Answer 3

there are 4
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids

Question 4

What kind of molecule are organic compounds?

Answer 4

polymer macromolecules

Question 5

define macromolecule

Answer 5

very large molecule

Question 6

define polymer

Answer 6

macromolecule in the shape of a train MADE OF smaller “train cars” called monomers

Question 7

Describe the shape of lipids

Answer 7

long chain with a carbon backbone, includes oxygen

Question 8

Describe the shape of carbohydrates

Answer 8

ring of carbon atoms

Question 9

Describe monomers

Answer 9

large, made of repeating units

Question 10

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 10

monomers of carbohydrates

Question 11

Name some monsaccharides.

Answer 11

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 12

Define disaccharide.

Answer 12

compound made of 2 monomers

Question 13

Name and describe two carbohydrate disaccharides.

Answer 13

Sucrose, table sugar
- Glucose + Fructose
Lactose, found in milk,
- Glucose + Galactose

These are both used for energy.

Question 14

Define and describe oligosaccharide.

Answer 14

Three or more monosaccharides joined together. Generally 3-50 chained together.

Question 15

Define polysaccharide.

Answer 15

Large polymer made of many (>50) monomers.

Question 16

Name and describe three carbohydrate polysaccharides.

Answer 16

Starch, plants, 
 - stores energy
Cellulose, fiber, plants, 
 - structure support
Glycogen, liver and muscle of animals
 - stores energy
 - body breaks it down to release glucose

Question 17

Define conjugated carbohydrate.

Answer 17

CON-JU-GATE-D

Carbohydrate bonded with other compounds.

Question 18

Name and describe some conjugated carbohydrates.

Answer 18

Glycolipid, lipid with bonded carbohydrate
- cell membrane
Glycoprotein, carbohydrates BONDED ONTO a protein
- cell membrane and mucus
Proteoglycans, carbohydrates with proteins bonded ONTO IT
- gel-like substances in cartilage and eye

Question 19

Describe lipid features.

Answer 19

Diverse in structure and function.

Hydrophobic, non-polar bonds.

Question 20

Define hydrophobic.

Answer 20

Insoluble in water.

Question 21

How abundant are lipids in the body?

Answer 21

18-25%

Question 22

Describe the elemental composition of lipids.

Answer 22

C, H, O, and sometimes P.

Question 23

Name the major types of lipids.

Answer 23

There are three.
Triglycerides
Phospholipids

Question 24

Describe triglycerides.

Answer 24

a “fat” polymer

• long chain of carbon
• long-term energy storage
• protection and insulation
• located in adipose tissue
• monomers: glycerol, 3x fatty acids

Question 25

Define and describe saturated fatty acid.

Answer 25

Fatty acid of only single-bonded carbons.

• solid at room temperature
• found in animals

Question 26

Define and describe unsaturated fatty acid.

Answer 26

Fatty acid including double-bonded carbon.

• liquid at room temperature
• found in plants
• “oils”

Question 27

Define polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Answer 27

An unsaturated fatty acid with a lot of double bonds.

Question 28

Define and describe phospholipid.

Answer 28

• form cell membrane
• structure like a triglyceride with a phosphate group.
• has both a region of polar and nonpolar