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DCCC BIO150 F'21 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Anatomy

A

The study of form.

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2
Q

What does anatomy examine?

A
  • Structure of body parts
  • Relationship between parts
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3
Q

Define

Physiology

A

The study of function.

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4
Q

What does physiology examine?

A
  • Function of body parts.
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5
Q

What are of the subdivisions of anatomy?

A

There are 3 subdivisions:

  • Gross anatomy
  • Microscoping anatomy
  • Developmental anatomy
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6
Q

Define

Gross anatomy

A

The study of anatomy with the unaided eye.

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7
Q

What are the methods of gross anatomy?

A

There are three:

  • Dissection
  • Medical imaging
  • Exploratory surgery
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8
Q

The ways of studying gross anatomy?

A

There are three:

  • Regional anatomy
  • Systemic anatomy
  • Surface anatomy
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9
Q

Define

Microscopic anatomy

A

The study of anatomy too tiny to see with the unaided eye.

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10
Q

What are the areas of microscoping anatomy?

A

There are two areas:

  • Cytology
  • Histology
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11
Q

Define

Developmental anatomy

A

The study of the changes occuring throughout life
(including the changes before birth).

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12
Q

Define

Regional anatomy

A

The study of anatomy by where it is located.

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13
Q

Define

Systemic anatomy

A

The study of anatomy that is functionally related.

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14
Q

Define

Surface anatomy

A

The study of internal anatomy in the context of external markings.

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15
Q

Define

Cytology

A

The study of cells.

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16
Q

Define

Histology

A

The study of tissues.

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17
Q

Define

Specialized branches of anatomy

A

Anatomy that studies specific systems.

(examples: histology, neurology)

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18
Q

Define

Complementarity of structure and function

A

The relationship of form and function.

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19
Q

What is the relationship of form and function?

A

Anatomy determines physiology.
Physiology is dependent on anatomy.

Vaginal cartilage!

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20
Q

Describe

hierarch of complexity

A

also: Levels of Organization

There are levels of organization that become more complex as the level increases.

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21
Q

Describe

Levels of Organization

A

also: hierarch of complexity

There are levels of organization that become more complex as the level increases.

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22
Q

Name the different levels in the
hierarch of complexity.

A

As six levels:

chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

As seven levels:

chemicals, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

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23
Q

What is included in the Chemical level of organization?

A
  • Atoms
  • Molecules
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24
Q

What is included in the organelle level of organization?

A

the structures of cells that perform functions

25
Q

What is included in the cellular level of organization?

A

The different cell types.

26
Q

Number of different cell types?

A

???

27
Q

Define

Tissue

A

A group of cells working together to perform a specific function.

28
Q

What are the types of tissue?

A

There are four:

  • epithelial
  • muscle
  • connective
  • nervous
29
Q

Define

Organ

A

A group of tissues working together to perform functions.

30
Q

Define

Organ system

A

A group of organs working together to perform functions.

(organs can be part of multiple systems)

31
Q

Define

Organism

A

A single, complete individual.

(such as a plant or animal)

32
Q

Name the different organ systems.

A

There are 11.

Integumentary, Skeletal,
Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine,
Circulator/Cardiovascular,
Lymphatic, Respiratory, Urinary,
Digestive, Reproductive

33
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

There are seven.

  • Organization & Cells
  • Metabolism
  • Responsiveness & Movement
  • Homeostasis
  • Development
  • Reproduction
  • Evolution
34
Q

Describe the Organization & Cells characteristic of life.

A

living things are organized

35
Q

Describe the Metabolism characteristic of life.

A

the ability to take in chemicals & change them

There are two types:

  • Catabolic
  • Anabolic

(via chemical reactions)

36
Q

Define

Catabolic metabolism

(catabolic reaction)

A

breaks large chemicals into smaller chemicals

(example: digestion)

37
Q

Define

Anabolic metabolism

(anabolic reaction)

A

builds a larger chemical from smaller chemicals

example: growth

38
Q

Describe the Responsiveness & Movement characteristic of life.

A

Life can detect and respond to environmental change.
Environmental change can be internal or external.

39
Q

Define

Stimuli

A

an environmental change

(can be internal or external)

40
Q

Define

Responsiveness

A

The ability to detect and respond to stimuli.

There are two other terms for this.

  • Irritability
  • Excitability
41
Q

Name the types of movement?

A

There are three.

  • Whole body
  • Cellular
  • Substances
42
Q

Define

Homeostasis

A

maintaining stable internal conditions as the environment changes

43
Q

Describe the development characteristic of life?

A

The changes that occur over a lifetime.

Involves two processes:

  • Differentiation
  • Growth
44
Q

Define

Differentiation

A

Cells become specialized

45
Q

Define

Growth

A

An increase in size.

There are three ways.

  • # of cells
  • size of cells
  • increased distance
46
Q

Name the ways growth occurs.

A

There are three.

  • # of cells increase
  • size of cells increases
  • distance increases
47
Q

Describe the Reproduction characteristic of life.

A

A production of either

  • new organism
  • new cells
48
Q

Describe the evolution characteristic of life.

A

This can be either:

  • changes in population over time
  • genetic mutation (changes) that give a survival advantage
49
Q

Describe the “internal stability” of homeostasis.

A

A dynamic equilibrium, never exactly consistent, fluctuation within a range of acceptable values to maintain an optimal, most efficient state.

50
Q

Name the methods of communication of the human body.

A

There are two.

  • Hormones (chemical)
  • Nerve impulses (electrical)
51
Q

Define

Controlled condition

A

The thing in the environment being monitored.

example: CO2 in the blood

52
Q

Name the parts of control mechanisms.

A

There are three.

  • Receptor
  • Control center
  • Effector
53
Q

Describe the role of a receptor.

A

It receives information about the environment (body).

54
Q

Describe the function of a control center.

A

Analyzing the information and issues a response.

55
Q

Describe the function of an effector.

A

Performs the instruction to cause a change.

56
Q

Name the two types of control mechanisms.

A

There are two:

  • Negative feedback system
  • Positive feedback system
57
Q

Describe the function of a negative feedback system.

A

Keeps the condition near a set point.

(most systems are this way)

58
Q

Describe the function of a positive feedback system.

A

Allows conditions to change more (in a self-amplifying way).

  • Increases original stimulus
  • Shut-off by an external stimulus

example: giving birth
(increasing contractions until the baby is pushed out)

59
Q
A

DCCC BIO150 F'21 (6 decks)

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