Unit 2.b: Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Function of a nucleus.

A
  • Contains the genetic information of the cell,
  • This is in the form of chromosomes (which are made of DNA). Parts called genes determine what substances the cell make.
  • The nucleus dictates the activities of the cell.
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2
Q

Function of the cell membrane

A
  • Forms a boundary between cytoplasm and outside.
  • can control what passes in and out of cell,
  • it’s selectively permeable.
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3
Q

Function of cytoplasm

A
  • Watery fluid wich contains all organelles and enzymes,
  • Many chemical reactions take place here. These are called metabolic reactions.
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4
Q

Function of the mitochondria

A
  • Carry out aerobic respiration,
  • release energy for the cell,
  • cells that have high energy needs have many mitochondria.
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5
Q

Function of ribosomes.

A
  • Very small particles found in cytoplasm.
  • Make protein through protein synthesis.
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6
Q

Function of chloroplast

A

Contain a green pigment (chlorophyll). This absolve light energy to make food by photosynthesis.

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7
Q

Function of cell wall.

A
  • Made of cellulose,
  • helps protect the cell and keep it’s shape,
  • freely permeable.
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8
Q

Function of the vacuole

A
  • Filled with cell sap. This is a store of dissolved sugars, mineral ions and water.
  • Help keep cell’s shape.
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9
Q

Specialised cells

A
  • Palisade cell -> green pigment -> absorbs sunlight,
  • root hair cell → large surface area → absorbs lots,
  • red blood cells → no nucleus → large surface area to carry oxygen,
  • nerve cells → branches → can connect to many cells,
  • sperm cells → tail → needs to swim
  • guard cells → create openings → enables oxygen to diffuse
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10
Q

What are stem cells

A

They are an undifferentiated cell that have the ability to become specialised. You can get them from embryos or bone marrow.

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11
Q

Pros and Cons of embryonic

A

Pro:
- large numbers can be easily grown,
- can turn into many possible cells,

Con:
- ethical issues,
- can be contaminated in labs

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12
Q

Pro and cons of adult

A

Pros:
- have same antigens as original cells,
- no ethical issues,

Cons:
- only found in small numbers,
- limited range and difficult to grow,
- cells may have DNA damage

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