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BTM200 > Unit 2A: Hardware, The CPU & Storage > Flashcards

Unit 2A: Hardware, The CPU & Storage Flashcards

1
Q

Circuit

A

closed pathway which conducts electricity

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2
Q

Vacuum Tubes

A

use circuits to facilitate flow of electrons (replaced by transistor)

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3
Q

Transistor

A

switch that can be flipped millions of times per second, part of integrated circuit

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4
Q

Integrated Circuit

A

all parts of circuit on silicon chip

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5
Q

Microchip

A

stores and processes data

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6
Q

Microprocessor

A

miniaturized circuitry of CPU

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7
Q

System Unit

A

case that contains computer’s components

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8
Q

Binary System

A

computer language 0s and 1s

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9
Q

Measuring Capacity

A

Bit
Byte
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
Terabyte
Petabyte
Exabyte

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10
Q

ASCII

A

7-8 bits per character, 256 characters

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11
Q

Unicode

A

16 bits per character

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12
Q

EBCDIC

A

8 bits per character

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13
Q

Bay

A

opening used for installation of electrical equipment

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14
Q

Power Supply

A

converts AC to DC to run computer

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15
Q

Surge Protector

A

protects computer from power spikes

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16
Q

UPS

A

Uninterruptible Power Supply

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17
Q

Motherboard

A

main system board

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18
Q

Chipset

A

interconnected chips on motherboard

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19
Q

Multicore Processor

A

more cores means more speed

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20
Q

2 Parts of CPU

A

1) Control Unit
2) Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)

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21
Q

2 Types of Memory

A

Primary - main memory, RAM, volatile
Secondary - flashdrives, etc.. non volatile

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22
Q

RAM

A

Random Access Memory, volatile, holds software instructions

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23
Q

ROM

A

Read-Only Memory - non-volatile, fixed instructions on how to load operating system

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24
Q

CMOS

A

powered by battery, contains time, date and boot password

25
Q

Flash

A

nonvolatile, used in newer PCs

26
Q

Cache

A

speeds up processing, seeing as CPU is faster than RAM and must wait for information

27
Q

Level 1 Cache

A

part of microprocessor, faster than Level 2

28
Q

Level 2 Cache

A

external

29
Q

Level 3 Cache

A

part of motherboard on very high-end computers

30
Q

Buses

A

data roadways that transmit bits between CPU and other motherboard components

31
Q

Frontside Bus

A

connects CPU within itself and main memory

32
Q

Expansion Bus

A

connects CPU with expansion slots

33
Q

Firewire

A

similar to USB but for special use

34
Q

RAID

A

way of storing same data in multiple hard drives or SSD to protect data

35
Q

Used to connect PC graphics cards, sound cards, modems and high speed network cards

A

PCI bus

36
Q

PCI Express

A

doubles speed of PCI

37
Q

Transfers data via infrared light

A

IrDA

38
Q

MIDI

A

Musical Instrument Data Interface

39
Q

eSATA

A

hard disk with fast transmission

40
Q

Serial Port

A

transmits data slowly, 1 bit at a time

41
Q

Parallel Port

A

transmits data quickly, 8 bits at a time

42
Q

What does it mean when a disk has more platters?

A

more memory

43
Q

Nanotech

A

Create nano circuits

44
Q

Optical Computing

A

Lasers & light, no electricity

45
Q

DNA Computing

A

DNA to store data

46
Q

Quantum Computing

A

uses particle states

47
Q

Better Batteries

A

wireless charging

48
Q

Higher Density Discs

A

perpendicular

49
Q

Molecular Electronics

A

subatomic level

50
Q

Optical Discs

A

CDs & DVDs

51
Q

What has more data, CD or DVD?

A

DVD

52
Q

Types of CDs

A
  • CD-ROM: compact disc ROM
  • CD-R: compact disc reusable - once
  • CD-RW: compact disc rewritable - multiple times
53
Q

Types of DVDs

A
  • DVD: Disc w/ high capacity
  • DVD-R: recordable only once
  • DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, DVD+RM: reusable
  • Blu-ray: record & play HD video
54
Q

Control Unit

A

deciphers instructions in CPU and carries it out

55
Q

Machine Cycle

A

4 Operations
1. Fetch
2. Decode
3. Execute
4. Store

56
Q

ALU

A

Arithmetic and Logical Operations control speed of these operations

57
Q

Arithmetic Operations

A

fundamental math (multiplication, division, etc.)

58
Q

Logical Operations

A

Comparison of 2 pieces of data ( >, <, =)

BTM200 (11 decks)

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