Practice Final Flashcards
What are the 2 types of software?
Application and system
Software that allows the application software to interact with the computer is called ___
System software
The basic operations of a computer are managed by the ___
Operating System
Named collection of data or program that exists in a computer’s secondary storage
File
User-interface uses ___ to facilitate a person’s interaction with the computer.
Graphics
Function Keys
Keys found on the top or left of keyboard that are used to execute commands specific to the software being used.
Icon
Small pictures that are used with GUIs to represent programs, data files, or procedures.
Toolbar
Menus and icons representing frequently used options and commands displayed at the top of aY the display window.
Application Software
Assists user to complete tasks and functions. Performs specific business, personal or educational function.
Transistor
tiny electronic switch that can be turned on and off thousands of times per second. Part of integrated circuit.
Utility Programs
helps maintain smooth functioning of the computer. (backup, data recovery, virus protection, disk cleanup and data compression).
Rollover feature
Provides a description of what you roll your mouse over.
Legacy system
Old fashioned, outdated computer system.
DOS
Disk Operating System (os runs from disk)
Unix
Proprietary multitasking operating system for multiple users.
Open-Source System
System designed to be publicly open
Chip
tiny piece of silicon that houses millions of microminiature electronic circuits
Binary System
Computer sends codes with 1 (on) and 0 (off)
What does a Byte represent
1 character (8 bits)
One billion cycles (ticks) of the system clock per second equal 1___
Gigahertz
Buses
electrical data roadways through which bits are transmitted within the CPU and other components of the motherboard
Serial Port
used to transmit slow data over long distances
hard-disk technology for large computer systems
RAID
SCSI
set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices (what you use to connect your LG desktop).
provides faster data transfer rates than the original standard.
EIDE
used for creating, storing and managing files with long names
VFAT
RAM
Random Access Memory - volatile, used for data of currently running programs, loses integrity after computer is shut off.
ROM
Read-Only Memory - nonvolatile, maintains data after computer is shutoff.
Primary Storage
component of computer that holds data, main memory
Cloud storage
Online storage
T or F: A microprocessor contains the miniaturized circuitry of a computer processor
T
Most common Binary code?
ASCII
EBCDIC
Binary codes used by mainframe computers
Unicode
uses 2 bytes (16 bits) for each character (ASCII uses 1 (8 bits))
Input Hardware
devices that translate data into a form the computer can process.
What pointing device is used most often on microcomputers
mouse
T or F: One of the trends of future input technology is the increased use of source data entry.
T
Thermal Printer
uses heat rather than ink, used to print cash register receipts.
Fiber-Optic
wired communications medium which consists of dozens or hundreds of thin strands of glass plastic
Packet
Fixed-length block of data for transmission
Bus Network Topology
communications devices are connected to a single cable with 2 endpoints.
Gateway
connects dissimilar networks to create larger networks
Bridge
connects same types of networks to create larger networks
VPN includes
company intranet, extranet and LAN
Peer-to-peer
network that operates without relying on a server
WAN
network that covers wide geographical area (wide area network)
LAN
Local area network, one physical location
Each 0 and 1 signal represents a ___
Bit
Impact printer
can use multilayered forms to print many copies at once.
VPN
private networks that use a public network instead of private
Ethernet
connects devices in a wired LAN or WAN
2 main types of bandwidth
Symmetric and Asymmetric
Metadata
enriches data with information that makes it easier to find, use and manage.
Hierarchy of data
Bits, Characters, Fields, Records, Files, Database Bigdata
The __ uniquely identifies a record
key field
Database management System
software that controls the structure of a database and access to the data.
A record (row) is a collection of related ___
fields
Broadcast Radio
form of wireless transmission sends data to AM or FM receiver.
WAP
set of rules used to link nearly all mobile devices to a telecommunications carrier’s wireless network and content providers
Type of wired communications technology used to connect equipment in a home network is ___
Ethernet, HomePNA, HomePlug
4 memory chips
RAM, ROM, CMOS, Flash
3 Basic Components of System Software
1) Operating Systems
2) Device Drivers
3) Utility Programs
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network - covers whole city
Modem
device that converts computer signals into analog signals so that they can be sent over telephone line, connects home to internet provide
Which device uses light sensing (optical) equipment to convert images of texts, drawing and photos into digital form?
a scanner
Communications Protocol
specify types of electrical connections, the timing of message exchanges, and error detection techniques
Personal information Manager
type of application software that functions as personal organizer
Network Operating System (NOS)
specialized operating system for a network device, such as a router, switch or firewall
Project Management Software
has capacity to help plan, organize and manage resource tools
Motherboard vs CPU
motherboard serves as a base connecting all of the computer’s components, while the CPU performs the actual data processing and computing
System Software vs Operating System
System software is the software that manages the resources and allows a user to interact with the system. The operating system acts as the interface between the user and the computer hardware. The OS is the best-known example of system software.
