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Advanced Higher Biology 2022 > Unit 2.5a - Parasite Life Cycle and Viruses > Flashcards

Unit 2.5a - Parasite Life Cycle and Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the six common parasitic groups?

A 
Protists
Nematodes
Arthopods
Viruses
Platyhelminthes
Bacteria
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2
Q

What is a relatively inefficent mechanism of transmission?

A

Direct Contact

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3
Q

Give examples of two key parasites with intermediate hosts

A

Schistomosoma

Plasmodium

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4
Q

How are endoparasites of body cavities transmitted?

A

Direct Contact

Consumption of Intermediate Host

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5
Q

How are ectoparasites transmistted?

A

Direct Contact

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6
Q

Give an example of an endoparasite of the body cavity

A

Tapeworm

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7
Q

Give an example of an endoparasite of the body tissue

A

Plasmodium

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8
Q

How are endoparasites of the body tissue transmitted?

A

Vectors

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9
Q

What is HIV caused by?

A

A virus

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10
Q

Define a virus

A

Infectious agents that can only replicate inside in a host cell

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11
Q

Describe what is in the structure of a virus

A

Antigens on the surface
Nucleic Acid (RNA/DNA)
Protein Capsid
Outer Envelope

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12
Q

What is a protein capside?

A

Protective protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid

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13
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids found in viruses?

A

RNA and DNA

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14
Q

Why are viruses not classed as living?

A

Do not carry out any of the normal functions for life except for reproduction, which they can only do in the cell of living organisms

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15
Q

Describe the stages in virus reproduction

A
  1. Virus antigens to host cell surface
  2. Virus DNA inserted into host cell
  3. Virus DNA is replicated by host enzymes
  4. Virus genes are transcribed to RNA which is translated to make viral protein coats
  5. New virus particles are assembled and burst out of the host cell
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16
Q

Give examples of DNA viruses

A

Chickenpox
Herpes
Small pox

17
Q

Give examples of RNA viruses

A

Influenza
Hepatitis
Ebola

18
Q

What differs in RNA viruses replication?

A

Viral RNA genome is replicated directly using an enzyme from the virus

19
Q

Give an example of RNA retroviruses

A

HIV

20
Q

How do RNA retroviruses replicate?

A

Use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to form a DNA copy of the virus genome. When virus is reproducing, the DNA copy of the genome will be transcribed to RNA which is then translated to make new viral proteins.

Advanced Higher Biology 2022 (16 decks)

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