Uni 3.1 - Scientific Principles and Process Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the steps in the scientific cycle?

A
  • Construction of testable hypothesis
  • Experimental Deign
  • Gathering of Data
  • Analysis of Data
  • Evaluation of Results
  • Determination of conclusions
  • Formation of new hypothesis if necessary
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2
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

Hypothesis which proposes there is no link between independent and dependent variables

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3
Q

What is accuracy determined by?

A

Scale of measurements being made, limitations of equipment

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4
Q

What should analysis of data include?

A
  • Consideration of the accuracy and precision of measurements
  • Number of replicates
  • Appropriate Statistical Test
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5
Q

What are ethics?

A

Rules for distinguishing between right and wrong

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6
Q

What are personal ethics of scientists?

A
  • Results should be presented in an unbiased way

- Scientists should always acknowledge contributions of others to their work

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7
Q

What is citation?

A

Acknowledgement that the idea being discussed is one of another scientist

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8
Q

What principles govern animal studies?

A

Replacement
Reduction
Refinement

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9
Q

Describe Replacement in terms of animal studies

A

Using alternative model systems where avaliable

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10
Q

Describe Reduction in terms of animal studies

A

Using minimum number of animals in a study

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11
Q

Describe Refinement in terms of animals studies

A

Techniques should be adjusted to minimize harm to animals

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12
Q

Give some key principles of human studies

A
  1. Informed Consent
  2. Right to withdraw data
  3. Anonymous and Confidential data
  4. Participants should come to no harm
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13
Q

What is the direction of science controlled by?

A

Legislation, regulation, policy and funding priorities

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