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PSY280 > Unit 2.3 and 2.4 Colour Space and Does Everyone See Colour The Same? > Flashcards

Unit 2.3 and 2.4 Colour Space and Does Everyone See Colour The Same? Flashcards

1
Q

What is Color Space?

A

A three-dimensional space that describes the set of all colors based on the outputs of three cone types in human vision. It allows for the organization and representation of colors.

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2
Q

How is the LMS color space defined?

A

The LMS color space is defined by the responses of the three types of cones (L, M, and S) in the retina. It represents how these cones respond to different wavelengths of light.

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3
Q

What is the DKL color space?

A

The Derrington-Krauskopf-Lennie (DKL) color space is a model that describes color perception based on the responses of the three types of cones in the human retina. It represents color in a way that accounts for the opponent processes of color vision.

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4
Q

What are the components of the DKL color space?

A

The DKL color space consists of two main axes:
1. (L-M) Axis: Represents the difference between the responses of L-cones (long wavelength) and M-cones (medium wavelength).
2. S-(L+M) Axis: Represents the difference between the S-cones (short wavelength) and the combined responses of L and M cones, forming the luminance axis.

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5
Q

How does the DKL color space relate to color perception?

A

The DKL color space is designed to create an isoluminant plane where colors can be perceived without the influence of brightness. This allows for a more accurate representation of color differences based on how we perceive colors in relation to each other.

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6
Q

What are the three components of the CIE Lab* color space?

A

The three components are: L* (lightness), a* (green to magenta), and b* (blue to yellow).

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7
Q

What does the L* component represent in the CIE Lab* color space?

A

The L* component represents lightness, where L* = 0 is black and L* = 100 is diffuse white.

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8
Q

How is the a* component defined in the CIE Lab* color space?

A

The a* component defines the position between green (negative values) and magenta (positive values).

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9
Q

How is the b* component defined in the CIE Lab* color space?

A

The b* component defines the position between blue (negative values) and yellow (positive values).

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10
Q

What is the significance of the non-linear scaling in CIE Lab*?

A

Non-linear scaling allows the Euclidean distance in the Lab* space to approximate perceptual differences between two colors.

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11
Q

Why is the CIE Lab* color space considered perceptually uniform?

A

It is considered perceptually uniform because the distances between colors in this space correspond more closely to human perception of color differences.

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12
Q

How is the RGB color space defined?

A

The RGB color space is defined by the outputs of long (Red), medium (Green), and short (Blue) wavelength lights, typically used in devices like monitors, projectors, and cell phones.

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13
Q

What type of color mixing does RGB represent?

A

RGB represents additive color mixing, where colors are created by combining different intensities of red, green, and blue light.

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14
Q

Describe the geometric representation of the RGB color space.

A

The RGB color space can be visualized as a cube, with white at one corner (where all colors are mixed at full intensity) and black at the opposite corner (absence of light).

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15
Q

What is a potential limitation of the RGB color space?

A

The RGB color space may not accurately represent all colors as perceived by the human eye, particularly in terms of saturation and brightness, which can vary based on display technology.

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16
Q

How is Hue represented in the HSB model?

A

Hue is represented as a polar angle, which is a circular variable indicating the type of color.

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17
Q

What does HSB stand for?

A

HSB stands for Hue, Saturation, and Brightness.

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18
Q

How is Saturation defined in the HSB model?

A

Saturation is defined as the distance from the center of the cone in the HSB model, indicating the intensity or purity of the color. (radius)

19
Q

What does the Brightness component in HSB represent?

A

Brightness represents the lightness or darkness of the color, ranging from black at the bottom of the cone to white at the top.

20
Q

Describe the geometric representation of HSB.

A

HSB can be visualized as two cones connected at their base, with white at the top tip and black at the bottom tip.

21
Q

How does HSB differ from RGB?

A

While RGB is based on the additive mixing of red, green, and blue light, HSB focuses on how colors are perceived in terms of hue, saturation, and brightness.

22
Q

What is the primary use of the CMYK color model?

A

The CMYK color model is primarily used for subtractive color mixing in color printing.
- CMYK stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black.

23
Q

How does the CMYK color model work?

A

In the CMYK model, colors are created by subtracting varying percentages of light absorbed by the inks (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black) from white light.

24
Q

What is a common challenge in using the CMYK model?

A

A common challenge is achieving color accuracy, as colors can appear differently on screen (RGB) compared to printed materials (CMYK).

25
Q

What was the primary purpose of the Y’UV color space?

A

The Y’UV color space was invented to transmit color television signals on top of existing black and white (BW) signals.

26
Q

What does the Y’ component represent in the Y’UV color space?

A

The Y’ component represents Luma, which indicates brightness.

27
Q

What do the U and V components represent in the Y’UV color space?

A

The U and V components represent Chrominance, which conveys color information.

28
Q

How is the Y’UV color space related to RGB?

A

Y’UV is linearly related to RGB and can be translated to RGB colors.

29
Q

What is YCbCr?

A

YCbCr is a digital color space used primarily in video compression and digital photography. It separates image luminance from chrominance.

30
Q

What does each component of YCbCr represent?

A
  • Y: Luma (brightness) component, representing the intensity of light.
  • Cb: Chroma blue component, representing the difference between blue and luma.
  • Cr: Chroma red component, representing the difference between red and luma.
31
Q

How is YCbCr related to YUV?

A

YCbCr is linearly related to the YUV color space, which was originally designed for analog television. YCbCr is often used in digital applications, while YUV is more common in analog.

32
Q

What are cone-opponent cells?

A

Cone-opponent cells are neurons (type of LDN cell) that produce outputs based on the differences between the responses of different types of cones (L, M, and S cones), allowing for color discrimination.

33
Q

What is the basic function of Cone-Opponent Cells?

A

The basic function of cone-opponent cells is to compare the outputs of different cone types to create color contrasts. For example, they can compute the difference between L (long-wavelength, red) and M (medium-wavelength, green) cones, as well as between L+M (yellow) and S (short-wavelength, blue) cones.

34
Q

What is the opponent colour theory?

A

that perception of color is based on the output of three mechanisms, each of them on an opponency between two colours; red-green, blue-yellow, black-white
- purposed by Ewald Hering

35
Q

What is an afterimage?

A

a visual image seen after the stimulus has been removed

36
Q

What is a negative afterimage?

A

A negative afterimage is a visual image that appears after the original stimulus has been removed, showing colors that are the opposite (complementary) of the original stimulus (e.g., red produces green, yellow produces blue)

37
Q

How many people have some form of colour blindness?

A
  • 8% male population
  • 0.5% of female
38
Q

What are the different types of colour-blind people?

A
  • Deuteranope: absence of M-cones
  • Protanope: absence of L-cones
  • Tritanopes: absence of S-cones
  • Colour-anomalous: two types of cones that are so similar they can’t make discriminations
  • Cone monochromat: have only one type of cone
  • Rod monochromat: have no cones of any type
39
Q

What is achromatopsia?

A

the inability to perceive colour that is due to damage to the central nervous system

40
Q

What is cultural relativism?

A

Cultural relativism is the idea that basic perceptual experiences, such as color perception, may be influenced by cultural factors, meaning that different cultures may understand and describe colors differently.

41
Q

How does language affect color perception according to cultural relativism?

A

Different cultures have varying color terms and classifications, which can influence how individuals perceive and categorize colors. For example, the Dani people from Irian Jaya have fewer distinct color words compared to English speakers, affecting their color perception.

42
Q

What was the focus of the World Color Survey?

A

The World Color Survey involved researchers asking informants from pre-industrial societies around the world to name colors in their languages, revealing how color naming varies across cultures.

43
Q

What are the implications of cultural relativism on understanding color perception?

A

Cultural relativism suggests that our understanding of color is not universal and can vary significantly between cultures, which can lead to different experiences and interpretations of color in art, design, and communication.

44
Q

What are derived motifs in the context of color perception?

A

Derived motifs refer to the patterns or groupings of colors that emerge from the analysis of color-naming data. For instance, in the study of idiolects (individual language use), colors like blue and green may be clustered together, indicating different ways of naming and perceiving colors based on cultural or individual differences.

PSY280 (16 decks)

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