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Computer Science > Unit 2.1 - Types and Methods of data transmission > Flashcards

Unit 2.1 - Types and Methods of data transmission Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 components in a data packet?

A

-packet header
-payload
-trailer

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2
Q

what does the packet header include?

A

-IP address of destination
-packet number
-originator’s address
-IP address of source
-sequence number of packet
-size of packets

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3
Q

what does the payload include?

A

actual data in packet

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4
Q

what does the trailer include?

A

-method of identifying the end of the packet
-form of error checking to make sure packet arrives error-free

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5
Q

what are the 5 steps of packet switching

A

-data is broken down into packets
-each packet could take a different route
-a router in each stage of transmission controls the route a packet takes
-packets may arrive out of order
-once the last packet has arrived, packets are reordered

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6
Q

what are the 5 methods of data transmission?

A

-serial
-parallel
-simplex
-half-duplex
-full-duplex

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7
Q

what is packet switching

A

message is broken up into a number of packets and each packet is sent independently, in its own path, from the start point to the end point.

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8
Q

what is circuit switching

A

Connection is made, data is transferred by packets, connection is released. each packet knows the entire fixed path which is provided by the source. Packets get sent one by one.

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9
Q

what are advantages of packet switching [4]

A

-no need to set up a single communication line
-re routing packets can overcome failed, busy, faulty lines
-easy to expand package usage
-high data transmission rate is possible (faster than circuit switching)

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10
Q

what are advantages of circuit switching [6]

A

-more reliable / secure
-dedicated pathway (consistent quality and bandwidth)
-no delay (no packet routing)
-predictable performance
-simple
-good for real time / continuous data transmission (voice calls)

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11
Q

what are disadvantages of packet switching [3]

A

-packets can be lost and need to be re-sent
-more prone to errors (real life streaming
-delay at the destination when the packets are being re-ordered
-less reliable than CS
-can’t handle real-time communication

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12
Q

what are disadvantages of circuit switching [5]

A

-INEFFICIENT RESOURCE UTILIZATION (WASTES PRODUCTS) (locks network resources even it isn’t being used)
-VULNERABILITY TO FAILURES (if one part of the circuit fails, the entire connection is lost)
-DELAY IN ESTABLISHING CONNECTIONS (setting up dedicated circuit and establishing communications takes time)
-HIGHER COST (maintaining is expensive because of dedicated channels and switches)
-outdated and no longer used

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13
Q

what are bouncing packets.

A

packets bounce from router to router and don’t reach their destination.

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14
Q

what are 5 differences of circuit and packet switching

A

-CS is physical path, PS is not
-CS packets all use the same path, PS packets travel independently
-CS reserve entire bandwidth in advance, PS doesn’t reserve
-CS bandwidth wastage, PS no bandwidth wastage
-CS no store and forward transmission, PS supports store and forward transmission

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15
Q

what is serial data transmission

A

data is sent one bit at a time, one after another as a single stream, over a single wire/channel

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16
Q

what is parallel data transmission

A

data is sent several bits at a time down several channels/wires at the same time (one channel = 1 bit)

17
Q

when is serial data transmission used?

A

for long distances as it arrives synchronized

18
Q

when is parallel data transmission used?

A

for short distances.

19
Q

what are advantages of serial data transmission? [4]

A

-less risk of external interference (than parallel)
-reliable transmission over long distances
-bits won’t be out of synchronization (skewed)
-less expensive as there are fewer hardware requirements (than parallel)

20
Q

what are disadvantages of parallel data transmission? [2]

A

-can become skewed (arrive unsynchronized) over long distances. (longer the distance, worse)
-more hardware is required so its more expensive (than serial)

21
Q

what are advantages of parallel data transmission? [3]

A

-faster rate of data transmission (than serial)
-works well over shorter distances
-easier to program input/output operations

22
Q

example of when simplex data transmission used

A

-computer to printer
-radio
-tv

23
Q

example of when half-duplex data transmission used

A

-walkie talkies

24
Q

example of when full-duplex data transmission used

A

-broadband internet connection
-video call
-telephone call

25
Q

how is data transferred?

A

broken down into packets to be transmitted

26
Q

how do you fix bouncing packets?

A

hopping. a hop number is added to the header of each packet and whenever the packet leaves a router, this number is reduced. there is a maximum number of hops and if the packet hasn’t reached its destination when the number runs out, the packet is deleted. the deleted packets need to be re-sent.

27
Q

what is simplex data transmission

A

data can be sent in one direction only

28
Q

what is half duplex data transmission

A

data can be sent in both direction but not at the same time

29
Q

what is full-duplex data transmission

A

data can be sent in both directions at the same time

30
Q

what are the disadvantages of serial data transmission? [1]

A

-Slow

31
Q

when is packet switching used? [3]

A

-internet browsing
-emails / instant messaging
-file download and uploads

32
Q

when is circuit switching used? [3]

A

-telephone calls
-voice calls
-fax lines

33
Q

3 steps of when a device is plugged into a computer (USB)

A

-computer detects the device
-device is recognised and appropriate software is loaded up so that computer and device can communicate effectively
-if new device, computer looks for device driver that matches device. If not found, user is asked to download the appropriate software

34
Q

Advantages of USB [7]

A

-device is detected and device drivers are loaded up automatically
-connections are one way (prevents incorrect connections)
-can support different data transmission rates
-no need for external power source
-error free data transmission (notifies transmitter to re-transmit data if errors detected)
-Easy to add more USB ports (USB hubs)
-is backward compatible (older versions are still supported)

35
Q

disadvantages of USB

A

-standard USB supports 5m cable length, USB hubs are needed for longer
-very early USB standards (V1) may not be supported by latest computers
-data transfer rate is slower than ethernet connections

Computer Science (15 decks)

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