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Computer Science > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Formula for file size in an image

A

Image resolution x colour depth

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2
Q

Define bitmap image

A

Image made of 2-D matrix of pixels

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3
Q

Define pixel

A

Smallest element used to make an image (single element of bitmap image)

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4
Q

Define colour depth

A

The number of bits used to represent the colours of a pixel

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5
Q

Define screen resolution

A

Total number of pixels on a screen (HxL)

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6
Q

Define Image resolution

A

Total number of pixels per inch in an image

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7
Q

What is the relationship between image quality and colour depth and image resolution?

A

If you increase colour depth or/and image resolution, the image quality increases

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8
Q

What is the relationship between file size and colour depth and image reoslution?

A

If you increase colour depth or/and image resolution, the file size increases

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9
Q

Define sampling rate

A

how many samples are collected in 1 second

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10
Q

Define sample resolution

A

How much memory (bits) needed for 1 sample

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11
Q

Formula for file size in an audio

A

Sample rate x Sample resolution x Length of audio

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12
Q

Sample rate units

A

Hz (hertz)

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13
Q

Sample resolution units

A

Bits

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14
Q

File size units in an audio

A

Bits

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15
Q

Define Lossy compression

A

If you compress and file, you lose some portion of it (portion of file is lost) (lose samples, colour depth, pixels, etc…)

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16
Q

Define Lossless compression

A

If you compress a file, you lose nothing. When you decompress the file, you get everything back (Nothing is lost when file is compressed)

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17
Q

Is audio compression lossy or lossless?

A

lossy compression

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18
Q

In what ways is audio compressed?

A

-Take away samples (reduce sample rate)
-Reduce sample resolution
-Cut frequency (Hz) lower and higher than human hearing range (remove frequency out of range)
-If there is a smaller, similar sound, get rid of it because you can’t hear it anyways (remove softer sound)

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19
Q

What is compressing audio called?

A

Perceptual music shaping

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20
Q

Is video compression lossy or lossless?

A

Lossy compression

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21
Q

In what ways can you compress a video?

A

-reduce quality
-compress all audio (reduce sampling rate and sample resolution
-reduce the number of frames
-reduce pixels on frames
-reduce frame rate

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22
Q

Is image compression lossy or lossless?

A

Lossy compression

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23
Q

In what ways can you compress an image?

A

-Crop image (remove part of image)
-Reduce colour depth
-Reduce bit depth
-Reduce image resolution

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24
Q

Define run-length encoding

A

Encoding running characters. A lossless file compression technique used to reduce the size of text and photo files in particular

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25
Q

Is run-length encoding lossy or lossless compression?

A

Lossless compression

26
Q

What is the order of Denary Units from smallest to biggest?

A

bits -> bytes -> KB -> MB -> GB ->TB -> PB

27
Q

What is the order of Binary Units from smallest to biggest?

A

bits -> bytes -> KiB -> MiB -> GiB -> TiB -> PiB

28
Q

By how much does Binary Units increase by?

A

1024 (2 to the power of 10)

29
Q

By how much does Denary Units increase by?

A

1000 (10 to the power of 3)

30
Q

By how much does Hertz increase by?

A

1000 (10 to the power of 3)

31
Q

What is the order of Hertz from smallest to biggest?

A

Hz -> KHz -> MHz -> GHz -> THz -> PHz

32
Q

What is the safe method for converting units in audio?

A

Sample Rate -> Hertz (Hz)
Sample Resolution -> Bits
Time -> Seconds

33
Q

What is the relationship between audio quality and sample rate and sample resolution and file size?

A

If the sample rate and/or sample resolution increases, the audio quality increases and the file size increases

34
Q

What is 30 frames per second?

A

30 colours showed in a second in a single pixel

35
Q

What is the relationship between pixel number and image quality and file size?

A

If the number of pixels increases, the image quality increases and the file size increases

36
Q

How many bits is 1 byte?

A

8

37
Q

Define information

A

Processed data (look at data and generate it)

38
Q

Define data

A

Raw. Just there. (Images, videos, audio, text)

39
Q

Do you use lossy or lossless compression when compressing a text file?

A

Lossless compression

40
Q

If you know the upper case letter, how do you find the lower case letter?

A

Add 32

41
Q

When shifting does not work out, what is it called?

A

An error as the numbers overflowed. Not enough space in the register to store this data. OVERFLOW ERROR

42
Q

When you shift to the left 3 times, how many times is the number multiplied?

A

8

43
Q

When you shift to the right 2 times, how many times is the number divided?

A

4

44
Q

When you increase the unit (KB/KiB), do you divide or multiply?

A

divide

45
Q

Define bit

A

Binary digit

46
Q

Give 2 reasons why computers use binary numbers rather than denary numbers

A

Computer circuits are made up of switches/transistors
that can be on (1) or off (0)

47
Q

Give 3 reasons why it is necessary to reduce the size of a file

A

-Save storage
-Reduce file size to be able to send it
-Faster to upload/download file

48
Q

Explain the difference between lossy and lossless file compression

A

Lossless compression can be reconstructed to the original file when its uncompressed but lossy compression cannot be reconstructed to the original file once it has been compressed

49
Q

Explain the difference between ASCII code and Unicode

A

ASCII code is a 7-bit code that has 32 control characters and is found in the standard keyboard. there is also an Extended ASCII code that uses a 8-bit code for non-english users. It also uses 1 byte for 1 character. Unicode represents all languages and the first 128 characters are the same with ASCII code but Unicode can support thousands of more different characters. It also uses 4 bytes for 1 character

50
Q

In a binary number, what is the right most bit called?

A

Least significant bit

51
Q

In a binary number, what is the left most bit called?

A

Most significant bit

52
Q

What is shifting binary numbers called?

A

Logical shift

53
Q

Define ASCII code

A

7-bit code character set used to represent all characters found on a standard keyboard and 32 control codes

54
Q

Define Unicode

A

A character set which represents all the languages of the world (the first 128 characters are the same as ASCII code) It also uses 4 bytes for 1 character

55
Q

How does lossless compression compress a text file?

A

A compression algorithm called Run length encoding is used and any repeating words/characters/phrases/patterns are identified and indexed with their number of occurrences and their position

56
Q

What are temporary files where no compression has been applied called?

A

Raw bitmap files

57
Q

How are texts converted to binary to be processed by the computer?

A

Each character has a unique binary value so a character set is used such as Unicode or ASCII code and then converted.

58
Q

How is a file compressed using lossless compression?

A

Repeated words/patterns are indexed and replaced with numerical values. No data is lost in the process

59
Q

1 example of the use of lossless file compression

A

Run length encoding

60
Q

1 example of the use of lossy file compression

A

Mpeg3

61
Q

What are 2 benefits using hexadecimal instead of binary values?

A

-Easier to debug
-Easier to represent

Computer Science (15 decks)

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