UNIT 2.1

Question 1

metabolic pathways

Answer 1

series of connected and controlled enzyme catalysed reactions within a cell

Question 2

steps in metabolic pathways can be

Answer 2

reversible
irreversible
alternative routes

Question 3

why is It beneficial to have different routes

Answer 3

to avoid build up
to save energy
reduce wastage of materials

Question 4

catabolic

Answer 4

break down
releasing energy

Question 5

anabolic

Answer 5

builds up
requiring energy

Question 6

function of proteins embedded in the membrane

Answer 6

enzyme = some proteins catalyse a specific reaction. the concentration of the substrate can be controlled
pore = allows specific molecules and ions to pass through the membrane
pump = bind to specific molecules or ions temporarily enabling them to cross the membrane

Question 7

induced fit

Answer 7

active site alters to better fit the substrate

Question 8

enzymes speed up chemical reaction by

Answer 8

lowering activation energy

Question 9

effect on increasing enzyme concentration of the rate of reaction

Answer 9

more enzyme mols can bind with more substrate molecules so the reaction rate increases c

Question 10

competitive inhibition

Answer 10

inhibitor binds to the active site, enabling substrate from binding (acts as a fake substrate, same shape but not the same chemical build up)

Question 11

non competitive inhibition

Answer 11

inhibitors bind to a site other than the active site but change the shape of the active site preventing the substrate from binding

Question 12

competitive can be

Answer 12

reversible - by increasing sub concentration

Question 13

non competitive can be

Answer 13

not reversed - enzymes affected by inhibitor can no longer function

Question 14

feedback inhibition

Answer 14

when an end product of the metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme earlier in the pathway (enzyme 1) = prevent further synthesis of the end product