UNIT 2: WORK & MOTIVATION Flashcards
Motivation
factors that influence the behaviour of workers towards achieving goals. Motivation can be increased by:
- Monetary rewards
- Non-monetary rewards
- Introducing ways to give job satisfaction
Job satisfaction
The enjoyment a worker gets from feeling that they have done a good job. There are 3 ways to motivate workers to be more committed to their job and work more effectively:
- Job rotation: swapping workers round and only doing a specific task for a limited time before swapping round again
- Job enlargement: extra tasks are added to the job
- Job enrichment: adding tasks that require more skill and responsibility
Theory X
the average person does not like work. Workers must be constantly supervised so they will work. Motivation is from external factors, e.g. pay schemes where workers are paid more for increased output
Theory Y
the average person is motivated by internal factors. To motivate workers, you need to find ways to help workers take an interest in their work, e.g. give rewards, incentives.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
A theory of motivation which states that five categories of human needs dictate an individual’s behaviour. Those needs are psychological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs
Fredenck Herzberg’s motivation theory
humans have two sets of needs one is for the basic needs, which he called hygiene factors or needs and the second is for a human being to be able to grow psychologically, which he called motivational needs or motivators
Hygiene Factors
the factors that must be present in the workplace to prevent job dissatisfaction
labor relations
interactions between employers and employees, or managers and workers
job security
knowing that there is little risk of losing one’s employment
wages
money paid (per hour a day or week) to manual workers
benefits
advantages that come with a job, apart from pay
incentives
things that encourage people to do something
promotion
to be raised to a higher rank or better job
unskilled
without any particular abilities acquired by training
corporate culture
a company’s shared attitudes, beliefs, practices and work relationships
Job rotation
regularly switching between different tasks
Skill variety
The extent to which a job demands different skills
Task identity
the degree to which a job has a visible outcome
Task significance
the degree to which a job has an impact on the work of others
Autonomy
The degree of freedom and choice that people have in scheduling their work and determining procedures
Feedback
The amount of direct and dear information that is received about performance
Job enlargement
Combining a series of tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment
Job rotation
moving employees from one job to another
Hygiene factors
good labour relations, good working conditions, job security, good wages, benefits such as pay, paid holidays, pension
