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Anatomy > UNIT 2: vertebral column > Flashcards

UNIT 2: vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

primary curves

A
  • thoracic
  • sacral
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2
Q

primary curves are present:

A

form before or just after birth

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3
Q

secondary curves

A
  • cervical
  • lumbar
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4
Q

cervical curve forms:

A

forms while holding up head

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5
Q

lumbar curve forms:

A

forms with walking

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6
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral s-shape

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7
Q

kyphosis

A
  • “hunchback”
  • released with osteoporosis
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8
Q

lordosis

A
  • “swayback”
  • typically during pregnancy
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9
Q

typical cervical vertebrae

A

C3-C7

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10
Q

typical thoracic vertebrae

A

T2-T9

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11
Q

typical lumbar vertebrae

A

L1-L5

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12
Q

when does the sacral vertebrae fuse

A

fuses between 16-26 years

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13
Q

sacral canal contains

A
  • film terminale
  • S5 nerve
  • coccygeal nerve
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14
Q

sacral hiatus

A

5th sacral root exits here

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15
Q

dorsal ridges

A
  • (1) median
  • (2) intermediate
  • (2) lateral sacral crests
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16
Q

when does the coccyx fuse

A

fuse between 20-30 years

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17
Q

coccyx

A
  • 3-5 fused
  • site for muscle attachment
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18
Q

C1

A
  • “atlas”
  • widest
  • no spinous process or body
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19
Q

C1 features

A
  • anterior/posterior arches with tubercle and lateral masses
  • superior articular facets are concave and receive occipital condyles
  • posterior arch has groove for vertebral artery
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20
Q

C2

A
  • “axis”
  • strong
  • dens (odontoid process)
  • transverse ligament of atlas holds dens in place
  • bifid spinous process
  • first help-able spinous process
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21
Q

T1

A
  • complete costal facet for 1st rib located on superior edge of body
  • demifacet for head of 2nd rib located on inferior edge
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22
Q

T10

A

demifacet for 10th rib on superior edge

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23
Q

T11-T12

A
  • complete costal facet for same number rib
  • no transverse costal facets (because of floating ribs)
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24
Q

intervertebral joints between bodies:

A

C2-S1

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25
Q

intervertebral joints

A
  • symphyses (amphiarthrotic)
  • articulating surfaces (hyaline cartilage) and connected by fibrocartilage
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26
Q

vertebral bodies

A
  • united by longitudinal ligaments
    – anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
    – posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
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27
Q

intervertebral discs

A
  • plates of fibrocartilage
  • weight bearing
  • thickest in cervical and lumbar regions
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28
Q

superior intervertebral disc between

A

C2/C3

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29
Q

inferior intervertebral disc between

A

L5/S1

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30
Q

disc composted of 2 regions:

A
  • annulus fibrosus
  • nucleus pulposus
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31
Q

annulus fibrosus

A

concentric rings of fibrocartilage and inserts into surface of vertebrae

32
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

elastic, shock absorption

33
Q

intervertebral disc clinical application

A
  • hyper flexion may rupture disc
  • herniation into vertebral canal (of nucleus pulposus)
  • can compress spinal nerves
  • most common lumbar region
  • slow to heal because avascular
34
Q

ALL extends from:

A

anterior surface of C1 to surface of sacrum

35
Q

ALL

A

fibers are fixed to the discs and periosteum

36
Q

ALL function

A

prevents hyperextension (only ligament to limit extension)

37
Q

PLL extends from:

A

C2 to sacrum

38
Q

PLL

A

well innervated with pain fibers

39
Q

PLL function

A

prevents hyperflexion

40
Q

PLL continuous with:

A

tectorial membrane (above C2)

41
Q

zygapophyseal facet joints

A

joints of vertebral arches

42
Q

zygapophyseal facet joint

A
  • synovial (plane joints)
  • permits gliding movements
  • each joint supplied by 2 nerves
43
Q

zygapophyseal facet joint located between:

A

superior and inferior articular process of adjacent vertebrae

44
Q

ligamenta flava borad elastic bands:

A

thick in lumbar region

45
Q

ligamenta flava extends from

A

lamina above to lamina below

46
Q

ligamenta flava function

A

preserve normal curvature, prevents abrupt flexion

47
Q

interspinous ligaments

A
  • weakest!!
  • join: adjacent spinous processes
48
Q

supraspinous ligament

A
  • strong: joins adjacent spinous processes
  • runs: C7 to sacrum (merges with nuchal ligament)
49
Q

intertransverse ligament connects

A

adjacent transverse processes

50
Q

Atlanto-occipital

A

C0-C1

51
Q

Atlanto-axial

A

C1-C2

52
Q

craniovertebral joints differ in aspect from others in vertebral column by:

A
  1. synovial only
  2. no intervertebral discs
53
Q

atlanto-occipital joint location

A

occipital condyles articular with superior facets of C1

54
Q

atlanto-occipital joint movement

A

flexion/extension

55
Q

atlanto-occipital joint permits

A

nodding of head

56
Q

atlanto-occipital joint type

A

synovial: condyloid

57
Q

anterior/posterior atlanto-occipital membrane spans

A

C1 to foramen magnum

58
Q

posterior atlanto-occipital joint is ______

A

weaker

59
Q

anterior/posterior Atlanto-occipital joint function

A

prevent excessive movement of joint

60
Q

Atlanto-axial joint articulates between

A

C1-C2

61
Q

central atlantoaxial joint

A
  • C1 and dens C2
  • type: pivot joint (rotation only)
62
Q

lateral atlantoaxial joint

A
  • zygopophyseal joints between C1 and C2
  • type: plane (gliding)
63
Q

excessive rotation prevents by:

A

alar ligament

64
Q

transverse ligament of atlas extends between

A

lateral masses of C1

65
Q

transverse ligament of atlas holds dens of C2 against

A
  • anterior arch of C1
  • forms posterior wall of socket for dens
  • synovial joint
66
Q

cruciform ligament

A
  • superior longitudinal band that runs from transverse ligament of C1 to occiput
  • inferior longitudinal band that runs from transverse ligament to C2
67
Q

alar ligaments extend from

A

sides of dens to lateral margins of foramen magnum

68
Q

alar ligaments function

A

check rotation

69
Q

tectorial membrane extends from

A

occipital bone to C2

70
Q

tectorial membrane is the superior continuation of:

A

PLL

71
Q

neck

A

vertebral arteries and ascending cervical arteries

72
Q

thorax

A

posterior intercostal arteries

73
Q

abdomen

A

lumbar arteries

74
Q

pelvis

A

iliolumbar and sacral arteries

75
Q

spinal artery enters through _______

A

intervertebral foramina

76
Q

spinal artery then divides to form _____

A

radicular arteries

Anatomy (19 decks)

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