Unit 2 Topic 2 Infectious disease

Question 1

differntiate between infectious and non-infectious disease

Answer 1

infectious - invasion by pathogen and can be trasnmitted from one host to another
non-infectious - genetic and lifestyle disease

Question 2

Name types of pathogens

Answer 2

prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and parasites

Question 3

Describe adherence

Answer 3

the ability of a pathogen to stick to a molecule on the membrane of the host cell

Question 4

describe invasion factors

Answer 4

proteins that allow pathogens to enter cells

Question 5

describe toxins

Answer 5

a protein produces by pathogens and that poisons host cell

Question 6

What does the innate immune response in vertebrate comprises of?

Answer 6

surface barriers such as skin, mucus, cilia, inflammation and the complement system

Question 7

How does inflammation occur?

Answer 7

increased amount of phagocytes flow into the area to destroy pathogens causing more blood resulting in the area becoming red and swollen.

Question 8

What is the role of the complement system?

Answer 8

a system of proteins which when activated by presence of an antigen, produce chemicals that bring inactivation of foreign matter

Question 9

Explain adaptive immune response in vertebrates

Answer 9

humoral - production of B-lymphocytes which locate non-self antigens and produce gammaglobulin which contains antibodies - only recognise shape of 1 antigen molecule
cell-mediated - T-lymphocytes which release soluble proteins that can prevent foregin matter from leaving a cite, attract phagocytes to the foreign matter and kill the pathogenic cell by punching holes in its membrane
memory cells produced in both situations