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AP Psychology > Unit 2 - The Nervous + Endocrine Systems > Flashcards

Unit 2 - The Nervous + Endocrine Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

It is the nervous system that gathers information and transmits the central nervous system’s (CNS) decisions to other body parts.

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2
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

It is composed of the brain and spinal cord and is the body decision maker

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3
Q

What are nerves?

A

Electrical cables formed by bundles of axons

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4
Q

What neurons are involved in the traveling of information in the nervous system?

A
  • Sensory neurons
  • Motor neurons
  • Interneurons
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5
Q

What is the purpose of sensory neurons?

A

They carry messages from the body’s tissues and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal chord for processing

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6
Q

What is the purpose of motor neurons?

A

They carry instructions from the CNS (central nervous system_ to the body muscles and glands

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7
Q

What is the purpose of interneurons?

A

They process information in the brains communication system (the “middle man”)

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8
Q

What is the breakdown of the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • Somatic nervous system
    • Sympathic nervous system
    • Parasympathic nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
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9
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A
  • Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
  • Communicates with brain
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10
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • Controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands
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11
Q

What is the sypathic nervous system?

A
  • Arousing
  • Expends energy
    (this system is controlling the bodily changes of a person if their pupils become dilated, digestion reduced, skin becomes cold, etc.)
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12
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Calming
  • Conserves energy
  • When activated, it can constrict pupils, stimulate digestion, slow heart rate, and cause the bladder to contract
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13
Q

What is the process of a reflex?

A

1.) The sensory neurons sense something (incoming)
2.) The information travels through the interneuron
3.) The information travels through the motor neuron (outgoing) and makes you do something
DOESN’T INVOLVE THE BRAIN

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14
Q

What is the process of a regular stimulus reaction?

A

1.) Sensory receptors receive information
2.) They communicate with the brain using interneurons and make a decision
3.) They communicate with the motor neurons and do something
INVOLVES THE BRAIN

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15
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A
  • The body’s “slow” chemical communication system and is made up of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
  • Endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages
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16
Q

What are horomones?

A

Chemical messengers that affect other tissues

17
Q

What are the adrenal glands?

A

Located on the top of the kidneys and release epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline- helps encode traumatic memories)

18
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A
  • Located in the core of the brain and is controlled by the hypothalamus.
  • Releases oxytocin (the sexual arousal + love and growth hormone that enables contractions)
  • Responsible for secreting hormones that stimulate other glands
19
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A
  • Gland that influences the release of hormones
  • Like the ‘master gland’
20
Q

What is oxytocin?

A
  • The sexual arousal and love hormone
  • Enables contractions
  • Growth hormone
  • Secreted by the pituitary gland
21
Q

What is the ghrelin hormone?

A
  • The hunger arousing hormone
22
Q

What is cortisol?

A
  • A stress hormone that stimulates the body to make fat
23
Q

What is leptin?

A
  • Hunger suppressing hormone
24
Q

What is thyroxin?

A
  • Hormone that regulates motabolism
25
Q

______ is essential in sympathetic nervous system arousal

A

Epinephrine

26
Q

What is the relationship between high levels of adrenaline and cognition?

A

High levels of adrenaline increase the ability to remember trauma but decrease the ability to concentrate

27
Q

What is epinephrine?

A
  • Hormone AND neurotransmitter released from the adrenal glands
  • Released in response to stress
  • Released from the endocrine system (adrenal gland)

AP Psychology (12 decks)

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