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AP Psychology > Unit 2 - Sleep > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the circadian rhythm?

A
  • Regular bodily rhythms (ex: body temp rises during the day and drops in the evening) that occur on a 24-hour cycle
  • Age and experience can alter this
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2
Q

Who discovered the sleep stages and what did they find?

A
  • Discovered by Eugene Aserinsky in 1952
  • Found out that every 90 mins, we cycle through 4 sleep stages
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3
Q

What is the order of sleep stages?

A

1.) NREM-1
2.) NREM-2
3.) NREM-3
4.) NREM-2
5.) REM Sleep

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4
Q

What happens in the NREM-1 stage?

A
  • Marked by slow breathing + irregular brain waves
  • May experience sensory experiences that occur without sensory stimulus
  • Brief stage
  • Can see hypnic jerks (Sudden twitches/microawakenings)
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5
Q

What happens in the NREM-2 stage?

A
  • Periodic sleep spindles (bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity)
  • About 20 mins
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6
Q

What happens in the NREM-3 stage?

A
  • Brain emits large, slow, delta waves and you are hard to awaken
  • Night terrors occur in NREM-3 + NREM-4
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7
Q

What happens in the REM sleep stage?

A
  • Brain waves become rapid and sawtooth (like NREM-1)
  • Unlike NREM-1, your heart rate rises, your breathing becomes rapid, and your eyes dart around every half minute
  • REMS protective paralysis prevents all dreams from being remembered
  • DREAM ONLY IN REM
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8
Q

What happens to the stages as the night progresses?

A
  • NREM-3 becomes shorter + disappears
  • REM + NREM-2 periods get longer
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9
Q

What are things that can impact our sleep patterns?

A
  • Age
  • Genetics + culture (people thrive with different hours of sleep)
  • Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
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10
Q

What are suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)?

A
  • Cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls the circadian rhythm
  • Causes the brain’s pineal gland to decrease melatonin (sleeping hormone)production in the morning and increase in the evening
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11
Q

What are the theories on the purpose of sleep?

A

1.) Sleep protects (those who slept at night out of harm’s way survived)
2.) Sleep helps us recuperate
3.) Helps restore and rebuild our facing memories of the days experience
4.) Feeds creative thinking
5.) Supports growth

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12
Q

What are the effects of sleep loss?

A
  • Higher risk of depression
  • Increases ghrelin (a hunger-arousing hormone) and cortisol (a stress hormone that stimulates the body to make fat) while decreasing leptin (hunger suppressing hormone)
  • Suppress immune cells that fight off viral infections + cancer
  • Slow reactions and increased errors in visual attention tasks
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13
Q

What are the contents of many dreams?

A
  • 8/10 dreams have at least one negative event or emotion
  • The stories in our dreams incorporate traces of the previous day’s experiences
  • Sensory stimuli may be instantly woven into the dream story
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14
Q

What are the theories of why we dream?

A
  • Feud’s wish-fulfillment
  • Information processing
  • Physiological function
  • Neural activation
  • Cognitive development
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15
Q

What is Feud’s wish-fulfillment theory?

A

We can express otherwise unacceptable feelings and they contain manifest content and a deeper layer of the latent content

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16
Q

What is the information processing theory?

A

Dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories

17
Q

What is the psychological function theory?

A

Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways

18
Q

What is the neural activation (ACTIVATION SYNTHESIS) theory?

A

REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories
- Random dreams

19
Q

What is the cognitive development theory?

A
  • Dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development- their knowledge and understanding
20
Q

What is REM rebound?

A

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

21
Q

What do all sleeping theories agree on?

A

Agree on the idea that we need REM sleep

22
Q

What are some sleep disorders?

A

Insomnia: Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
Narcolepsy: Uncontrollable sleep attacks (relative absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces orexin- a neurotransmitter linked to alertness)
Sleep apnea: Temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
Night terrors: High arousal and an appearance of being terrified
Sleep walking

23
Q

What waves can be seen when a person is awake and alert?

A

Alpha waves

AP Psychology (12 decks)

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