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Unit 2 - The Human Body > Unit 2 - The H/Body, Anatomy > Flashcards

Unit 2 - The H/Body, Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What describes the body’s structures - what they are made of & where they are located?

A

Anatomy - literally means “to cut apart”

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2
Q

???? anatomy examines what can be seen with the naked eye, incl external features such as size, shape, colour

A

Gross anatomy (macroscopic)

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3
Q

???? anatomy examines cells & molecules at microscopic level?

A

Microscopic anatomy

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4
Q

What is the name for the study of cells and their structures?

A

cytology

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5
Q

What is the name for the study of tissues and their structures?

A

histology

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6
Q

What is the name for the study of diseased body structures incl. gross & microscopic anatomy?

A

pathology

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7
Q

????? anatomy examines conception to death

A

developmental anatomy

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8
Q

What is the study of development from the fertilized egg through the 8th wk in utero?

A

embryology

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9
Q

What is the study of functions of anatomical structures - what each body part does, how it does it & how it relates to other body parts.

A

Physiology

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10
Q

Structural organisation 1.

A

Chemical Level

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11
Q

Structural organisation 2.

A

cellular level

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12
Q

Structural organisation 3.

A

tissue level

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13
Q

Structural organisation 4.

A

organ level

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14
Q

Structural organisation 5.

A

body system level

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15
Q

Structural organisation 6.

A

organism

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16
Q

Chemical Level, what chemical unit made up of elements such as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon & nitrogen make up about 96% of body weight?

A

atoms

17
Q

Chemical Level, what is the group of atoms working together, e.g. DNA, RNA, proteins & water called?

A

molecules

18
Q

Cellular level - A ??? is made up of a group of molecules working together, is the smallest unit capable of independent existence & is fundamental to all living things?

A

cell - cells come in a variety of shapes & sizes.

19
Q

Cellular Level - all cells, regardless of their function are surrounded by this (what is this??) membrane which acts as a barrier & regulator.

A

plasma cell membrane - this is semipermeable, allowing some substances such as water, nutrients, waste to pass into & out of the cell & blocking others.

20
Q

Cellular level - what is the jelly-like material enclosed by the cell membrane, surrounding the nucleus. contains various organelles.

A

cytoplasm

21
Q

Cellular level - what is the particular structure that carries out all the necessary functions of the cell.

A

organelle “little organ”

22
Q

Cellular level - what controls the operations of the cell?

A

nucleus

23
Q

Cellular level - what are the long, rod like threads of DNA called?

A

chromosomes - they contain the instructions that control cell metabolism & heredity.

24
Q

Cellular level - collectively the chromosomes are called?

A

chromatin

25
Q

Cellular level - cell reproduction. The process of reproduction or duplication of all cell types except for gametes is?

A

mitosis

26
Q

Cellular level - cell reproduction. Reproduction to create sperm or egg to permit sexual reproduction is called?

A

meiosis

27
Q

Tissue Level - what covers the internal & external surfaces of the body?

A

epithelial tissue - external is skin

28
Q

Tissue Level - this tissue functions to support & shape the body structures.

A

connective tissue - common types are tendon, ligaments, blood, bone, cartilage & fat.

29
Q

Tissue Level - muscle cells are long and slender, & are often referred to as fibres.

A

muscle tissue

30
Q

Tissue level - there are 3 types of muscle tissue which one is found within organs such as the stomach, intestines & bladder?

A

smooth (visceral) muscle tissue. referred to as involuntary as movement is not under conscious control.

31
Q

Tissue level - there are 3 types of muscle tissue which type is connected to bones.

A

skeletal (striated) muscle tissue. referred to as voluntary as we consciously control their actions.

32
Q

Tissue level - there are 3 types of muscle tissue. These muscles of the heart contract to pump blood out & then relax to let blood in.

A

cardiac muscle tissue or myocardium. these muscles are involuntary.

33
Q

What is the name for all the body systems working together to promote the life of the individual human being?

A

Organism

Unit 2 - The Human Body (12 decks)

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