Unit 2 - The H/Body, Anatomy Flashcards
What describes the body’s structures - what they are made of & where they are located?
Anatomy - literally means “to cut apart”
???? anatomy examines what can be seen with the naked eye, incl external features such as size, shape, colour
Gross anatomy (macroscopic)
???? anatomy examines cells & molecules at microscopic level?
Microscopic anatomy
What is the name for the study of cells and their structures?
cytology
What is the name for the study of tissues and their structures?
histology
What is the name for the study of diseased body structures incl. gross & microscopic anatomy?
pathology
????? anatomy examines conception to death
developmental anatomy
What is the study of development from the fertilized egg through the 8th wk in utero?
embryology
What is the study of functions of anatomical structures - what each body part does, how it does it & how it relates to other body parts.
Physiology
Structural organisation 1.
Chemical Level
Structural organisation 2.
cellular level
Structural organisation 3.
tissue level
Structural organisation 4.
organ level
Structural organisation 5.
body system level
Structural organisation 6.
organism
Chemical Level, what chemical unit made up of elements such as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon & nitrogen make up about 96% of body weight?
atoms
Chemical Level, what is the group of atoms working together, e.g. DNA, RNA, proteins & water called?
molecules
Cellular level - A ??? is made up of a group of molecules working together, is the smallest unit capable of independent existence & is fundamental to all living things?
cell - cells come in a variety of shapes & sizes.
Cellular Level - all cells, regardless of their function are surrounded by this (what is this??) membrane which acts as a barrier & regulator.
plasma cell membrane - this is semipermeable, allowing some substances such as water, nutrients, waste to pass into & out of the cell & blocking others.
Cellular level - what is the jelly-like material enclosed by the cell membrane, surrounding the nucleus. contains various organelles.
cytoplasm
Cellular level - what is the particular structure that carries out all the necessary functions of the cell.
organelle “little organ”
Cellular level - what controls the operations of the cell?
nucleus
Cellular level - what are the long, rod like threads of DNA called?
chromosomes - they contain the instructions that control cell metabolism & heredity.
Cellular level - collectively the chromosomes are called?
chromatin
Cellular level - cell reproduction. The process of reproduction or duplication of all cell types except for gametes is?
mitosis
Cellular level - cell reproduction. Reproduction to create sperm or egg to permit sexual reproduction is called?
meiosis
Tissue Level - what covers the internal & external surfaces of the body?
epithelial tissue - external is skin
Tissue Level - this tissue functions to support & shape the body structures.
connective tissue - common types are tendon, ligaments, blood, bone, cartilage & fat.
Tissue Level - muscle cells are long and slender, & are often referred to as fibres.
muscle tissue
Tissue level - there are 3 types of muscle tissue which one is found within organs such as the stomach, intestines & bladder?
smooth (visceral) muscle tissue. referred to as involuntary as movement is not under conscious control.
Tissue level - there are 3 types of muscle tissue which type is connected to bones.
skeletal (striated) muscle tissue. referred to as voluntary as we consciously control their actions.
Tissue level - there are 3 types of muscle tissue. These muscles of the heart contract to pump blood out & then relax to let blood in.
cardiac muscle tissue or myocardium. these muscles are involuntary.
What is the name for all the body systems working together to promote the life of the individual human being?
Organism
