Unit 2 - The Human Body positions Flashcards
lying on back, face upwards(remember up is in …)
supine
lying on the front, face downwards
prone
toward the head or upper part of a structure
superior or cranial
away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure
inferior or caudal
near or at the front of the body
anterior or ventral
near or at the back of the body
posterior or dorsal
nearer the midline of teh body or a structure
medial
near or towards teh side of the body or structure
lateral
between a medial and lateral structure
intermediate
on the same side of the body
ipsilateral
on the opposite side of the body
contralateral
nearer the attachment of an extremity to the trunk or a structure (remember …al is in close ….ity to the trunk)
proximal
farther from the attachment of an extremity to the trunk or a structure (remember …al is …ant from the trunk)
distal
toward or on the surface of the body
superficial
away from the surface of the body
deep
pertaining to the outer wall of a body cavity
parietal
pertaining to an internal organ of the body
visceral
lengthwise plane that divides the body into right and left sections
sagittal plane
lengthwise plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior sections
coronal or frontal plane
horizontal plane that divides a structure into superior and inferior sections
transverse or axial plane
a sagittal plane that runs through the midline and divides the body into two equal halves
midsagittal
The first major sections divide the body into ?
axial (head, neck, shoulders & torso) and appendicular (the appendages, or arms & legs)
The two principal body cavities are:
Dorsal & ventral
What does the dorsal cavity contain?
the brain & the spinal cord
The ventral cavity can be subdivided into 2 parts which are?
Thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities
What cavity contains the lungs, heart, oesophagus, broncial tubes, thymus gland & aorta?
Thoracic cavity
What is the sub cavity space surrounding each lung?
pleural cavity - lined by a double membrane called pleura & is filled with pleural fluid.
What is the sub cavity space centrally located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs.
Mediastinum - contains all organs of the thoracic cavity other than the lungs.
What is the sub cavity space surrounding the heart?
pericardial cavity - it is filled with a serous fluid known as pericardial fluid.
Within the abdominopelvic cavity, what is the superior cavity called?
abdominal cavity which contains stomach, liver, sml inest, most of large intest, pancreas, spleen & gallbladders
Within the abdominopelvic cavity, what is the inferior cavity called?
pelvic cavity which contains sigmoid colon, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, ureters & in the female it contains uterus & vagina.
The abdominal cavity is surrounded by a double folded membrane called the?
Peritoneum.
Behind the peritoneum is the ???? area which contains the kidney & adrenal glands?
retroperitoneal area
The Dorsal cavity can be divided into two portions which are?
cranial cavity & spinal (vertebral) cavity.
Which sub cavity contains the brains, its coverings, cerebrospinal fluid & the pituitary gland.
Cranial cavity
Which sub cavity is bounded by the spinal column (backbone) & contains the spinal cord?
Spinal or vertebral cavity
What are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
What are the nine abdomiopelvic regions?
Right & left hypochrondriac, right & light lumbar, right & left iliac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric
Name of vertebrae starting with C and how many?
Cervical - seven, located in the neck region
Name of vertebrae starting with T and how many?
Thoracic - twelve, located in the thoracic or chest region & attached to the ribs
Name of vertebrae starting with L and how many?
Lumbar - five, located in waist/loin region
Name of vertebrae starting with S and how many?
Sacral - five, located in lower back and are fused together to make one bone, the sacrum.
Name of vertebrae starting with C and how many?
Coccygeal - four vertebrae that are fused together to form the coccyx (tailbone)
