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Biology > Unit 2 Test: Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test: Vocab Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The scientific study of heredity

A

Genetics

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2
Q

A specific characteristic used to describe an organism

A

Trait

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3
Q

The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

A

Hybrid

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4
Q

The different forms of a gene

A

Allele

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5
Q

The separation of alleles during gamete formation

A

Segregation

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6
Q

Physical characters or trait

A

Phenotype

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7
Q

Genetic makeup of an organism

A

Genetype

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8
Q

When one allele is not completely dominant over another

A

Incomplete dominance

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9
Q

When both alleles contribute to the phenotype

A

Codominance

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10
Q

When individual genes have more than two alleles

A

Multiple alleles

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11
Q

Traits controlled by 2 or more genes

A

Polygenic traits

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12
Q

process of reductive division where the number of chromosomes are cut in half

A

Meisois

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13
Q

Unit containing a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base, makes up DNA

A

Nucleotide

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14
Q

DNA and proteins packed together, which makes up eukaryotic chromosomes

A

Chromatin

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15
Q

Duplication of DNA by copying

A

Replication

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16
Q

Enzyme that joins nucleotides together and proofreads the DNA strand during replication

A

DNA polymerase

17
Q

A type of RNA that is responsible for caring instructions (MRNA)

A

Messenger RNA

18
Q

RNA that transfers each amino acid to its specific ribosome (tRNA)

A

Transfer RNA

19
Q

Production of RNA by copying the nucletide sequence of DNA

A

Transcription

20
Q

Specific base sequences where RNA polymerase binds during transcription

A

Promoter

21
Q

Sequences of nucleotides that are NOT involved in coding proteins

A

Intron

22
Q

Sequences of nucleotides that are involved in coding proteins

A

Exon

23
Q

Process of producing proteins by attaching amino acids together

A

Translation

24
Q

Set of photographs of chromosomes grouped in order of pairs

A

Karyotype

25
Q

Chromosomes that determine an organism’s sex

A

Sex Chromosome

26
Q

Chromosomes that DO NOT determine an organism’s sex

A

Autosome

27
Q

Chart that shows the relationships within a family, used to track genetic disorders and traits.

A

Pedigree

28
Q

Gene that is located on the X or Y chromosome

A

Sex-linked gene

29
Q

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to seperate

A

Nondisjunction

30
Q

Principle that states that adenine/thymine base pair and that guanine/cytosine base pair

A

Chargaff’s rule

31
Q

Is the name of enzyme that unzips DNA during replication

A

Helicase

Biology (2 decks)

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