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Honors Chemistry of Earth and Space > Unit 2 Test Review > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Weathering is the combination of what two cycles?

A

Rock cycle and water cycle

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2
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

-Physical
-Chemical

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of physical weathering?

A

-frost wedging
-root wedging
-abrasion

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4
Q

What are the two types of chemical weathering?

A

-Oxidation
-Dissolution

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5
Q

What is the other name for the water cycle:

A

The hydraulic cycle

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6
Q

Does the water cycle have a beginning or end?

A

No

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7
Q

What percent of the Earth’s water is in the ocean? What percent is freshwater?

A

97% is in the ocean, 3% is freshwater

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8
Q

What are the 2 main ways for the Earth’s water to be reintroduced into the atmosphere?

A

-Evaporation
-Transpiration

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9
Q

What is the primary way for the Earth’s water to be reintroduced into the atmosphere?

A

Evaporation

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10
Q

What is the secondary way for the Earth’s water to be reintroduced into the atmosphere?

A

Transpiration

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11
Q

What percent of the water is reintroduced to the atmosphere using Evaporation?

A

90%

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12
Q

What percent of the water is reintroduced to the atmosphere using transpiration?

A

10%

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13
Q

When does evaporation stop?

A

When the gas (water vapor) becomes saturated enough

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14
Q

Where does evaporation occur the most?

A

Over the ocean

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15
Q

Where does most transpiration occur?

A

Rainforests

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16
Q

What factors affect the rate of transpiration? (6)

A

-Temp
-Humidity
-Precipitation
-Wind
-Land slope
-Soil type and saturation

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17
Q

When does sublimination occur?

A

Very high altitudes, very low temps and pressure

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18
Q

What percent of the Earth’s water is in the atmosphere at any given time?

A

0.001%

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19
Q

How is water returned to the earth?

A

Precipitation

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20
Q

How does water return to the earth AFTER precipitation?

A

-Ground water
-Runoff

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21
Q

-How does ground water get into the earth?

A

Gravity

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22
Q

How are the volume and flow rate of runoff determined?

A

By the amount of solute dissolved into the water

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23
Q

What are the meteorological factors affecting surface runoff?

A

-Types of Precipitation
-Distribution of rainfall over the drainage basin
-Rainfall intensity
-Direction of storm movement
-Amount of Rainfall
-Precipitation that occurred earlier and resulting soil moisture/saturation
-Duration of Rainfall

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24
Q

What are the physical factors that affect surface runoff?

A

-Land use
-Elevation
-Vegetation
-Soil type
-Topography (especially slope of the land)
-Drainage network patterns
-Drainage areas
-Ponds, lakes, reservoirs, sinks, etc…in the basin, which prevent or delay runoff from continuing downstream
-Basin shape

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25
Q

What are the 2 types of mixtures?

A

Heterogeneous and homogeneous

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26
Q

What is the one way of separating heterogeneous mixtures?

A

Filtration

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27
Q

What are the 3 ways to separate homogeneous mixtures?

A

-chromatography
-crystallization
-distillation

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28
Q

What is the only way to separate pure substances?

A

Electrolysis

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29
Q

How to tell if a substance on a heating curve is a gas?

A

Gas decrease in solubility as temperature increases (it will be an indirect relationship/have a negative slope)

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30
Q

How can solutions be expressed?

A

Through qualitative and quantitative statements

31
Q

How is concentration expressed in a qualitative statement?

A

As diluted or concentrated

32
Q

What do we do when a solution needs to be described in a quantitative way?

A

It is referred to as morality

33
Q

How is morality calculated?

A

Calculated through the use of the amount of solvent and solute that is presented in
the solution to determine its concentration, in a numerical form.

34
Q

What are the three factors that affect solubility?

A
  • nature of the solvent
    -temperature
    -not pressure if solid/liquid, yes pressure if a gas
35
Q

What is the nature of a solvent?

A

“like dissolved like”. AKA: polar substances dissolve polar substances, non-polar substances dissolve non-polar substances

36
Q

Is the solubility of solids and liquid affected by pressure?

A

No

37
Q

Is the solubility of solids and liquids affected by temperature?

A

Yes

38
Q

Is the solubility of gases affected by pressure?

A

Yes

39
Q

Is the solubility of gases affected by temperature?

A

No

40
Q

Do solids have a low or high level of energy?

A

Low

41
Q

Do solids have volume?

A

Yes

42
Q

What do solids do when moving?

A

Vibrate

43
Q

Do liquids have a definite shape?

A

No

44
Q

Do liquids have a definite volume?

A

Yes

45
Q

How much energy do liquids have?

A

A medium amount

46
Q

Liquids ______ while moving

A

Move around quickly in a container

47
Q

How tightly are liquids packed together?

A

Loosely

48
Q

How tightly are solids packet together?

A

Very tightly

49
Q

Do gases have a definite volume?

A

No

50
Q

Do gases take up space?

A

No

51
Q

Are gases packed together?

A

No

52
Q

How much energy do gases have?

A

A lot

53
Q

Gases ____ when moving

A

Move freely about

54
Q

When energy is ______, particles move faster

A

Added

55
Q

When energy is _______, particles move slower

A

Removed

56
Q

When energy is added to solids, it becomes _____

A

A liquid

57
Q

When energy is added to gases, it become _______

A

Plasma

58
Q

When energy is taken away from plasma, it becomes ______

A

A gas

59
Q

When energy is taken away from gases, it becomes a _______

A

Liquid

60
Q

When energy is taken away from liquids, it becomes _________

A

A solid

61
Q

Energy is _______ during a phase change

A

Constant/static

62
Q

During a phase change, energy is considered __________

A

Potential energy

63
Q

During temperature and energy increases or decreases, this is considered _________

A

Kinetic energy

64
Q

Energy _______ as temperature increases

A

Increases

65
Q

Energy _______ as temperature decreases

A

Decreases

66
Q

Heat is our form of _______

A

Energy

67
Q

What does every element on the periodic table have?

A

A melting, freezing, and boiling point

68
Q

Is energy added/removed during melting?

A

Added

69
Q

What is the process of going from a solid to a gas?

A

Sublimination

70
Q

What is the process of going from plasma to a gas?

A

Recombination

71
Q

What is the process of going from a gas to plasma?

A

Ionization

72
Q

What is the process of going from a gas to a solid?

A

Deposition

73
Q

What are the 8 Properties of water

A

Polarity
Universal Solvent
Density
Cohesive
Capillary action
Surface tension
Adhesive
High heat capacity

74
Q

What does it mean to be a universal solvent?

A

To have the ability to dissolve a multitude of different polar substances

Honors Chemistry of Earth and Space (6 decks)

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