Unit 2 Test--Respiratory Flashcards
What is the main fx of respiratory system?
Exchange of gases, O2 and Co2
Where does gas exchange take place?
Capillaries of the alevoli
What portion of the respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchial tree and lungs?
Lower respiratory tract.
What parts are included in the upper respiratory tract?
Nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx
What term is used to describe normal, regular breathing?
Eupnea
What is tachypnea?
Increased respiration’s above 18/min
Which lung has 3 lobes?
Right
Which lung has 2 lobes?
Left, b/c of heart.
A decongestant and acetaminophen is a common treatment for what respiratory disorder?
Infectious rhinitis
What is the membrane that covers the lung?
Pleural membrane
What is the ability of the lungs to expand?
Compliance
What are some pathophysiologic changes in croup?
Para-influenza virus, swelling and inflammation leading to obstruction, barking cough and stridor.
What are the pahophysiologic changes with asthma?
Bronchi and brochioles respond to stimuli with inflammation edema, brochoconstriction and increased mucous secretions.
What does the respiratory term atelectasis mean?
Non aeration or collapse of a lung or part of a lung
Bronchiolitis is caused by what virus?
RSV; respiratory syncytial virus
A granuloma develops at the site of inflammation and forms a tubercle in what respiratory disorder?
TB; tuberculosis
Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis can be made by?
Seen in newborn as menconium ileus, genetic testing, sweat test, xrays, pulmonary fx test and blood gas analysis
What form of treatment helps with the digestive disorders of CF?
High protein, low fat diet.
What is the pathophysiology of CF?
Mutation of the CFTR gene and defect in the exocrine glands cause abnormally thick secretions; defect in protein involved in chloride transport
What are the pathophysiologic changes in emphysema?
The wall between many air sacs are damaged causing them to lose their shape. This can destroy the walls and leads to fewer larger air sacs and impaired expiration
What are the common symptoms of chronic bronchitis?
Early constant cough, some dyspnea, tachypnea, thick and purlent secretions, cynanosis, secondary polycythemia
What test measures the acidity, O2 and Co2 levels in the blood?
ABG
What is pneumothorax?
air at atomospheric pressure in the pleural cavity prevents expansion of the lung, can lead to atelectasis
How does consolidation form? in pneumonia?
When blood cells accumulate in the exudate forming a mass.
