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Unit 2 Cards Patho > Endocrine And Cardio > Flashcards

Endocrine And Cardio Flashcards

0
Q

What are the chemical messengers which transfer information from one set of cells to another

A

Hormones

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1
Q

What is the most common cause of an endocrine disorder

A

Adenoma- genetic or autoimmune

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2
Q

Which gland has two parts anterior and posterior and is called the master gland

A

Pituitary gland

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3
Q

What are the four tropic hormones

A

TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH

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4
Q

Which gland secretes the growth hormone which stimulates growth of tissue and bone

A

Pituitary gland

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5
Q

Which pituitary gland hormone stimulates uterine contractions

A

Oxytocin

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6
Q

Which hormone is deficient causing diabetes insipidus

A

ADH

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7
Q

Which gland produces T3 and T4 controlling a metabolic rate

A

Thyroid gland

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8
Q

What term is used to describe an enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

Non-toxic goiter

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9
Q

Which thyroid disorder increases metabolism and causes hyperactive reflexes

A

Hyperthyroidism

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10
Q

What are the four tiny glands attached behind a thyroid

A

Parathyroid glands

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11
Q

What is the major hormone of the adrenal cortex

A

Aldosterone

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12
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of Cushing’s disease?

A

Change in appearance, moon face heavy trunk, fat at the back of the neck, fragile skin, glucose intolerance, sodium and water retention and decreased immune response

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13
Q

What are the hormone secreted by the female gonads

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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14
Q

What hormones are secreted by the male gonads

A

Testosterone

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15
Q

What’s pituitary disorder in adults causes enlarged skull, hands and feet

A

Acromegaly

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16
Q

Which thyroid disorder causes edema, facial puffiness and thick tongue

A

Myxedema

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17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of toxic goiter/graves disease?

A

Hypermetabolism, increased temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, increased appetite, restlessness, thin, goiter, exophthalmos

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18
Q

Which gland produces melatonin responsible for the sleep/wake cycle

A

Pineal gland

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19
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Control his body temperature, hunger, thirst

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20
Q

Parathyroid

A

Release hormone that regulates calcium in blood

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21
Q

Pancreatic islet

A

Beta cells, insulin
Alpha cells-glucagon
Delta cells-somatostatin

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22
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Mineralocorticoids
Aldosterone
Sex hormones
Renin and angiotensin

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23
Q

Which blood vessels transport blood away from the heart

A

Arteries arterioles and capillaries

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24
Q

Which blood vessels transport blood back to the heart

A

Veins and venules

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25
Q

What are the upper heart chambers

A

Left and right atria

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26
Q

What are the lower chambers of the heart called

A

Left and right ventricle’s

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27
Q

What are the four layers of the heart

A

Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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28
Q

What part of the conduction system is the hearts natural pacemaker

A

SA node

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29
Q

What diagnostic test records the electrical activity of the heart

A

ECG, electrocardiogram

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30
Q

At what phase of the cardiac cycle are the ventricles relaxed

A

Diastole

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31
Q

At what phase of the cardiac cycle are the ventricles contracting

A

Systole

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32
Q

At what part of the ECG rhythm is atrial contraction occurring?

A

P

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33
Q

At what part of the ECG rhythm is a ventricular contraction occurring?

A

QRS

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34
Q

What is the measurement of the pressure against the arterial walls

A

Blood pressure

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35
Q

What is the normal range for an adult heart rate

A

60 – 100 beats per minute

36
Q

What is the term used to describe an increased heart rate

A

Tachycardia

38
Q

What is the term for decreased heart rate?

A

Bradycardia

38
Q

What is a common diuretic used to reduce the fluid overload?

A

Lasix

39
Q

What medical term means chest pain?

A

Angina

40
Q

Which common cardiac medication increases contractility of the heart?

A

Digoxin

41
Q

Which beta blocker is used to treat hypertension and arrhythmia?

A

Metoprolol

42
Q

Which diagnostic test involves passing a catheter through a large vein to visualize inside the heart

A

Cardiac catheterization

43
Q

What does the term auscultation mean?

A

Listening to the heart sounds

44
Q

What is arteriosclerosis

A

Smaller arteries; walls to come thick and lumen Narrows, maybe, obstructed

45
Q

What is atherosclerosis

A

Extreme; black often attaches with thrombi form in the walls of large arteries

46
Q

Which cardiac condition occurs as a result of a total blockage of a coronary artery?

A

Myocardial infarction

47
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a right-sided heart failure?

A

Systemic back up; edema of feet or legs, ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

48
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure?

A

Pulmonary congestion, orthopnea, cough, hemopytes, rales

49
Q

What condition is caused by decreased circulating blood volume that leads to decreased tissue perfusion and hypoxia

A

Hypotension

50
Q

What is the condition called when there is inflammation and infection in the heart

A

Acute endocarditis

52
Q

Hypovolemic

A

Loss of circulating blood caused by burns or peritonitis

53
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Decreased pumping capability of heart caused by acute infarction or arrhythmia’s.

54
Q

Obstructive shock

A

Interference with blood flow through the heart

54
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

Allergic reaction; severe

55
Q

Neurogenic/Vasogenic shock

A

Pooling of blood in the periphery caused by pain, fear, drugs or loss of SNS stimuli w/spinal cord injury

56
Q

Septic shock

A

Virolent bacteria caused by severe infection

57
Q

Septic shock

A

Virulent bacteria caused by severe infection

58
Q

What is an embolus

A

Moving clot

59
Q

Where does an atheroma commonly form with peripheral vascular disease-PVD

A

Abdominal aorta, femoral and iliac arteries

60
Q

How can uncontrolled hypertension affect the body

A

Dementia
Arteriosclerosis
Heart attack/failure
Kidney failure

61
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

62
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone

63
Q

FSH

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

64
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

65
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

66
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone

67
Q

SA node

A

Sino atrial node

68
Q

AV node

A

Atrioventricular node

69
Q

BP

A

Blood pressure

70
Q

ECG

A

Electrocardiogram

71
Q

HR

A

Heart rate

72
Q

CO

A

Cardiac output; volume of blood pumped in a minute

73
Q

SV

A

Stroke volume

74
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease

75
Q

CHF

A

Congestive heart failure or

76
Q

MI

A

Myocardial infarction

77
Q

Which diabetes occurs more frequently in children?

A

Type 1

78
Q

What part of the endocrine systems is responsible for the carbohydrate metabolism which regulates blood sugar

A

Pancreatic Islets

79
Q

What are the first S/Sx of shock?

A

Thirst and agitation

80
Q

Coronary arteries supply blood to?

A

myocaridum

81
Q

Congestive hear failure occurs when?

A

muscle is unable to pump enough blood to the body

82
Q

What do beta blockers do?

A

Blocks the effect of adrenalin in the heart, slows it.

83
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure condition in which the force of the blood against the arterial walls are too strong, an increase in vasoconstriction. 1 in 3 people have it.

84
Q

What is LUBB?

A

closure of AV valves at ventricular systole

85
Q

What is DUBB?

A

closure of semi lunar valves at ventricular distole

86
Q

What is arrhythmia?

A

abnormal heart rate

87
Q

How do you measure CO?

A

CO=HRxSV

Unit 2 Cards Patho (3 decks)

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