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Honors Modern World History > Unit 2 Test > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Voltaire

A

Promoted the idea of religious freedom and tolerance

• The idea of the separation of church and state

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2
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

Wrote of a “social contract” or government based on the general will of the people

• Robespierre’s committee of Public Safety

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3
Q

Montesquieu

A

Describe the ideal separation of powers in government that inspired the form of the US Constitution

• the form of the US government

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4
Q

Emilie du Chatalet

A

French noble woman wrote extensively about mathematics and physics

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5
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

Wrote that women deserve the same rights as men and that the key to gaining equality and freedom was better education

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6
Q

John Locke

A

English thinker who promoted the idea of natural rights and government responsible for its citizens

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7
Q

Adam Smith

A

Father of economics

Proposed a free market system

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8
Q

Cesare Beccaria

A

Italian reformer of the criminal justice system

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9
Q

John Locke wrote that…

A

If a ruler breaks the contract the people must rebel

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10
Q

John Hobbes wrote that…

A

Humans are selfish and need a strong ruler to whom they owe unbreakable allegiance

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11
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote that…

A

Wrote a “social contract.” I ruler could act under the laws that were created with the general will of the people

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12
Q

How was the middle class exposed to enlightenment

A

Through newspapers and magazines

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13
Q

Denis Diderot

A

Created the first encyclopedia

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14
Q

Count Pierre de Beaumarchais

A

Wrote a comedy “the marriage of Fígaro”

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15
Q

Causes of the French Revolution

A
  • Between the rich and the poor
  • Poor harvests and bread prices
  • Inept leadership- Louis XVI
  • Government debt
  • enlightenment ideas
  • desire for privileges
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16
Q

Meeting of the states General

A

Purpose was to solve the fiscal crisis

Failed because of the greed of the rich who refused to pay more taxes

17
Q

Jean Paul Marat

A

• attacked opponents such as the Girondists in his paper, “friend of the people”

18
Q

Who killed Jean Paul Marat

A

Charlotte Corday

19
Q

Cult of reason

A

Adopted by the committee of Public Safety as an effort to reduce the influence of the church

20
Q

Napoleon

A
  • born in Corsica
  • Led French soldiers to success in fighting Austrians in Italy
  • left troops in Egypt to seize power in France
21
Q

Mistakes of Napoleon

A

1) Continental system of 1806/British blockade
2) Napoleon invaded Spain and replaced the Spanish king with his brother
3) broke peace agreement with Russia

22
Q

First island Napoleon is exiled

A

Elba

23
Q

Battle of Waterloo

A

Napoleon try to rebuild his army after escaping Elba

Defeated by British and Prussian forces

24
Q

2nd Island Napoleon was exiled to

A

St. Helena

25
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

Signed at the end of the Napoleonic wars

Restored the bourbon monarchy

Reset France’s borders

26
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

Purpose was to place the rightful monarchs back on their thrones and to redraw the map

27
Q

Klemens de Metternich

A

Austrian count

Played pivotal role at the Congress of Vienna

Goal was to restore the balance of power

28
Q

Concert of Europe

A

Informal organization of the countries of Europe

Goals: 
•to contain France
•balance of power
•prevent another Napoleon
•keep territorial arrangements
29
Q

Holy alliance

A

Coalition of Russia, Prussia and Austria

Established by Alexander I

30
Q

Touissaint L’Ouveture

A

Freed slave

Joined Spanish army but switched sides

Could find openings in enemy lines

31
Q

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

A

Rekindled the rebellion

Led to the independence of Haiti

32
Q

Simon Bolivar

A

Venezuela

Hated Napoleon’s betrayal of revolutionary ideals

Became president of gran Columbia, Peru, and Bolivia

Dreamed of a united Latin America

33
Q

Jose de San Martin

A

Joined rebels in defeating the colonial rulers of Argentina

Led his army over the Andes to free chile

Went into self-exile to France

34
Q

Miguel Hidalgo

A

Parish priest who began The revolution for Mexican independence by ringing the churchbell

35
Q

Santa Anna

A

Caudillo who was 11 times president of Mexico

The war with Anglo – Texans against the Alamo

What’s the Mexican – American war

36
Q

Maximilian

A

Austrian Archduke who was placed on the throne as emperor of Mexico by Napoleon III in 1861

37
Q

Benito Juárez

A

1st Amerindian president of Mexico

Initiated La Reforma

Supporter fought against Mexican conservatives and a three-year Civil War and later against the French forces supporting Maximilian. Winning both times and assuming presidency

38
Q

La Reforma

A

Called for land redistribution, separation of church and state, and increased educational opportunities for the poor

39
Q

Battle of atrafagar

A

Napoleon wanted to invade Britain by sea but was stopped

Made Britain a Sea Power

Honors Modern World History (8 decks)

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