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Biology 109 > Unit 2 Test > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test Flashcards

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0
Q

What causes extremely high levels of toxic chemicals in fish-eating birds?

A

Biological magnification

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1
Q

Which of the following describes carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor re-reflecting infrared radiation back toward Earth

A

Greenhouse Effect

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2
Q

What is true about secondary consumers in an ecosystem?

A

They are fewer in number than are primary consumers

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3
Q

What’s a fundamental difference between matter and energy?

A

Matter is cycled through ecosystems; energy isn’t

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4
Q

In the nitrogen cycle, the transformation of gaseous nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds is performed primarily by

A

Prokaryotes

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5
Q

What best explains why there are seldom more than five tropic levels in a food chain?

A

Energy is lost from each tropic level

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6
Q

What is not a density-dependent factor that could act to limit population growth as population size increases?

A

Fire

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7
Q

Big-bang reproduction like that involving the agave plant is an example of?

A

Semelparity

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8
Q

What causes a sigmodial growth curve (S-shaped) to level off?

A

The population reaches the environmental carrying capacity

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9
Q

When climbing a mountain, we can observe transitions in biological communities that are analogous to the changes

A

In biomes at different latitudes

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10
Q

Which of the following events might you reduction to occur if the tilt of Earth’s axis relative to its plane of orbit was increased beyond 23.5 degrees?

A

Summers in the US might become warmer, and Winters in Australia might become more severe

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11
Q

What would Dr. B want to do if he wanted his green beans to out grow his neighbors’?

A

Spray gibberellin on them

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12
Q

Which plant hormone, developing in an apical bud, either directly or indirectly inhibits the growth of lower axillary buds?

A

Auxin

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13
Q

What statement regarding phototropism is incorrect?

A

Auxin causes a decrease in growth on the side of the stem exposed to light

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14
Q

Transcriptional regulation and post-translational modification are most closely associated with which stage of a signal transduction pathway?

A

Response

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15
Q

What about reproduction in angiosperms is incorrect?

A

The generative cell undergoes one round of meiosis to form two polar nuclei

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16
Q

What types of plant cells are haploid?

A

Gametophyte main body and gamete

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17
Q

How many mitotic divisions are required for conversion of the megastore to the female gametophyte?

A

Three

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18
Q

What is true about plants?

A

Mitosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes, meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores, ms the gametophyte is within the flower on angiosperms

19
Q

Translocation of the phloem sap in a pant is primarily a result of

A

Positive pressure at the sugar source

20
Q

Under what circumstances will stomata generally be open to allow transpiration to occur?

A

When guard cells are full of water

21
Q

What effectively describes the Casparian strip?

A

It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele

22
Q

Which phenomena are involved in the ascent of xylem sap?

A

Adhesion, cohesion, and transpiration

23
Q

What effect does “pinching back” have on a houseplant?

A

Makes the plant to grow fuller

24
Q

Which causes an increase in the intensity of UV radiation reaching the Earth?

A

Depletion of the atmospheric ozone

25
Q

The amount of chemical energy in consumers’ food that is converted to their own new biomass during a given time period is known as which of the following?

A

Secondary production

26
Q

What typifies tropical rainforests?

A

Great biodiversity and usually highly stratified with at least five distinct layers, or stories, of vegetation

27
Q

The benthic zone of aquatic environments is defined as the

A

Substrate at the bottom of a body of water

28
Q

Slowing of stem elongation, thickening, and curvature of the stem to start growing horizontally are all part of a growing shoot’s response to

A

Ethylene

29
Q

You are preparing a shipment abroad. To ensure the seeds won’t germinate, you treat them with what hormone?

A

Abscisic acid

30
Q

What isn’t a mechanism utilized by plants to prevent self-fertilization?

A

Brightly colored bracts that replace petals

31
Q

Which of the following cell types are present in the mature pollen grain?

A

Generative cel and tube cell

32
Q

What is false about bulk flow?

A

It depends on the force of gravity on a column of water

33
Q

What structure or compartment is not part of the plant’s apoplast?

A

The lumen of a sieve tube

34
Q

Primary growth in plants is produced by the

A

Apical meristem

35
Q

Vessel elements belong to which plant tissue type?

A

Vascular

36
Q

The male gametophyte of an angiosperm is

A

Contained within the pollen grain

37
Q

Where would you expect to find the littoral zone of a lake?

A

Shallow water area along the shore

38
Q

Based on the ABC model, what would be the structure of a flower that had normal expression of genes C and B, but lacked expression of gene A

A

Carpel-stamen-stamen-carpel

39
Q

What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree?

A

Evaporation of water through stoma

40
Q

What are the five events that explains the mass flow of materials in the phloem?

A

Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis, sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf, diluted are actively transported into sieve tubes, water diffuses into sieve tubes, sugar moves down the stem

41
Q

How many mitotic divisions are required for conversion of the microspore to the male gametophyte?

A

One

42
Q

Which set of Coleoptera experiments show that auxin is a diffusible molecule?

A

Experiments that put a slice of mica or slice of agar between the severed tip and the rest of the coleoptile

43
Q

If there are 75 births for a population of 300 individuals, what is the annual per capita birth rate?

A

.25

44
Q

In the logistic equation, dN/dt =RN, r is a measure of the population’s intrinsic rate of increase. It is determined by what?

A

Birth rate and death rates

45
Q

What is correct about bio geochemical cycling?

A

The phosphorus cycle is a sedimentary cycle that involves the weathering of rocks

Biology 109 (3 decks)

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