Unit 2 Test 2 Flashcards
The Esophagus-
a long, straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach
Define the Digestive System-
the organs that break down food so it can be used by the body
The Stomach-
a saclike, digestive organ that is between the esophagus and the small intestines and that breaks down food by actions of muscles, enzymes, and acids
The Small Intestines-
the organ between the stomach and the large intestines where most of the breaking down of food happens and most of the nutrients from food are absorbed
The Large Intestines-
The broader and smaller portion of the intestines, where water is removed from mostly digestive food to turn the waste into semisolid feces, or stool
The Pancreas-
the organ that lies behind the stomach and that makes digestive enzymes and hormones that regulates sugar levels
The liver-
the largest organ in the body; it makes bile, stores and filters blood, and stores excess sugar, as glycogen
The excretory system-
the system that collects and excretes nitrogenous wastes and excess water from the body in the form of urine
The kidney-
one of the organs that filter water and wastes from the blood, excrete products as urine, and regulate the concentration of certain substances in the blood
The Nephrons-
the unit in the kidney that filters blood
Urine-
the liquid excreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and passed through the urethra to the outside of the body
Enzyme
A type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed
The Nervous System-
organ system that is made of the structures that control the reactions and actions of the body
The brain-
The body’s/nervous system’s central command organ
The spinal cord-
a column of nerve tissue running from the base of the brain through the vertebral column
The Neuron-
a nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses
The dendrite-
branchlike extension of the neuron that that receives impulses from neighboring neurons
The axon-
an elongated extension of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell
Endocrine System-
A collection of glands and group of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and adrenal glands, the hypothalamus, the pineal body and other glands
Hormone-
a substance that is made in one cell or tissue and that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of the body
Gland-
a group of cells that make chemicals for use elsewhere in the body
Sperm-
the male sex cell
Testes
the primary male reproductive organs, which produce sperm cells and testosterone
Penis
the male organ that transfers sperm to the female reproductive system and that carries urine out of the body
Egg
a sex cell produced by a female
Ovary
in the female reproductive system of animals, an organ that produces eggs
Uterus
in the female placental mammals the hollow, muscular organ in which an embryo embeds and develops into a fetus
Vagina
the female reproductive organ that connects the outside of the body to the uterus
Embryo-
in humans, a developing individual from first division after fertilization through the tenth week of pregnancy
Placenta-
The partly fetal and partly maternal organ by which materials are exchanged between a fetus and the mother
Umbilical Cord
the rope-like structure through which blood vessels pass and by which a developing fetus or embryo gets the nutrients that it needs
Fetus-
a developing human from the end of the 10th week of pregnancy until birth
What function is carried out by your saliva?
It is chemically digesting the food.
What is the main functions of the excretory system?
To remove waste from the body
What is the interactions between the digestive system and the resiratroy?
To use the energy in food broken down by digestive system, the body needs oxygen obtained by the respiratory system
Which structure filters wastes from the blood and regulates the amount of water in the body to maintain homeostasis?
The kidneys
What organs are used to digest food? Put them in order.
- Esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
What type of neurons sent impulses to your muscles?
Motor
What endocrine system disorder that could cause blood glucose levels to be higher than these levels at all times?
Diabetes
Which sense provides her brain with this information?
Touch
How would the endocrine system respond after a person digests a piece of fruit?
It would release more of the hormone that helps cells take glucose out of the body.
What is the role of the nervous system?
to gather and respond to information
What is the function of the cerebrum?
Where you think and problem solve
What is the function of the cerebellum?
keeps track of body positionc
What is the function of the brain to the spinal cord?
Connects the brain to the spinal cord
What does the PNS do?
The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body. The PNS contains sensory and motor nerves. Sensory nerves get impulses to muscle. Motor nerves get information form the environment.
What does the CNS do?
The CNS is made up of the spinal cord and the brain. The brain is like the command center of the body. The spinal cord allows the brain to communicate with the rest of the body.
How are hormone levels controlled?
Hormone levels are controlled by the feedback mechanism which is a cycle of events in which information from one step controls or affects a previous step.
