Unit 2 test Flashcards
touch receptors classification
Rapidly-adapting
Activated when a stimulus is first encountered, then falls silent when the stimulus remains present
detects movement
touch receptors classification
slowly-adapting
Keeps continously activated/responding to a continously/presenting stimulus
important for identifying shape & objects
touch receptor
Merkel’s disc
slowly-adapting
small receptive field
designed for shape, edges & texture on the read
example: feeling the ridges of a coin in your hand
Pacinian Corpuscle
rapidly-adapting
large receptive field
most efficient transmitting information on vibration
example: feeling a phone vibrating in your pocket
touch receptor
Meissner’s Corpuscle
rapidly-adapting
small receptive field
important for transmitting information about movement & vibration betweent the skin and another texture
example: feeling the ridges of a coin in your hand
Ruffini Corpuscles
slowly-adapting
large receptive
poorly understood, but important in detecting skin stretching
example: feeling tensio when gripping an object tightly
touch receptors
free-nerve endings
detects pain and temperature, touch, pressure, stretch, or nociception (danger)
example: feeling the shap pain of a paper cut or the burn of a hot stove
Top-down processing
responding to a stimulus with prior given knowledge
getting into a fight, but you’ve done martial arts
Bottom-up processing
responding to a stimulus with no prior knowledge
getting into a fight, but you have no idea how to fight
Distal stimulus
actual object in the enviornment being percieved
Proximal stimulus
the pattern of energy impinging on sensory receptors.
receptors
Phasic receptor
responds to changes
Tonic receptors
Maintain response over time
pain pathways
nociceptors
specialized to detect noxious stimuli (extreme pressure, hot or cold temp)
pain pathways
Anterolateral System
after noiceptors are activated, they will send a signal to the spinal cord, which will be transferred to the brain on pathways located on the spinal cord
pain pathways
Neuropathic Pain
chronic nerve pain that can happen if your nervous system malfunctions or gets damaged
What are the six stages of brain development?
- neurogenesis
- cell migration
- differntiation
- synaptogenesis
- cell death (apoptosis)
- synaptic rearrangement
brain development
Neurogenesis
step 1
formation of neurons through mitosis in the embryonic stages
brain development
Cell migration
step two
neurons move to their destined locations (because of their gene expression)
brain development
Cell differentiation
step 3
Neurons develop specialized functions
brain development
Synaptogenesis
step 4
formation of synaptic connections
brain development
Cell death
step 5
programmed elimination of excess neurons known an apoptosis.
brain development
Synaptic rearrangement
refinement of synapses based on experience
Stem cells
undifferentiated cells capable of developing into multiple cell types, including neurons
Brain plasticity
(neuroplasticity)
the brain’s ability to change its structure and funcrion in response to experience and injury.
hormone structures
peptide
