Biological Rhythms 3.25.2025

Question 1

Rhythms

Biological Rhythms

Answer 1

regular fluctuations in any living process

Question 2

Circadian rhythms

Answer 2

a pattern of behavioral, biochemical, or physiological fluctation that has a 24-hour period

Question 3

Ultradian rhythms

Answer 3

rhythmic biological events with a period shorter than a day, usually from several minutes to several hours (meal patterns, sleep patterns)

Question 4

Infradian rhythms

Answer 4

rhythmic biological events with a period longer than a day (female menstural cycle)

Question 5

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

Answer 5

found in the hypothalamus, containing biological clocks. Cells in the SCN produce two proteins called Clock AND BMAL1

Question 7

Retinohypothalamic pathway

Answer 7

retinal ganglion cells send their axons along this pathway to the SCN.

Question 8

Melanopsin

Answer 8

photopigment, protein found in retinal ganglion cells that project to the SCN.

Question 9

Electroencephalography

Answer 9

recording and studying of gross electrical activity of the brain recorded from large electrodes placed on the scalp

EEG

Question 10

Electro-oculography

Answer 10

electrical recording of eye movements

EOG

Question 11

Electromyography

Answer 11

electrical recording of muscle activity

EMG

Question 12

Night terrors

Answer 12

Sudden arousal from stage 3 SWS, marked by fear and autonomic activity, common in younger individuals and has a genetic component