Unit 2 Test Flashcards
when were the Greeks prminent
2000 BC - 100 AD
where did the greeks live
west coast of asia minor to southern italy and sicily
what did the greeks share in culture?
- language
- religion
- greek architecture
where was the center of the greek world
Aegea/ around Agean sea
who called the greeks Yanon (Ionian)
th persians
who called the Greeks Graika?
the romans
why were they called Graika?
because a small group of greeks called themselves that
what did the greeks call themselves?
Hellen
what is the origin of Hellen?
Hellene
- E (my or our)
- Laos (people)
what’s the bottom chunk of greece called?
Peloponnese
what was the southern half of greece?
land of ancient sparta in a valley surrounded by mountains
what was the agriculture like in greece?
- little land for large-scale farming
- no broad river
- no expansive level plains
why were the greeks known as maritime people?
- sea fairing people
- no place in greece no more tham 80 miles from the sea
How did living near the sea affect the Greeks culturally?
they were heavily culturally influenced
how did the mountains of greece affect their culture?
- difficulty in uniting people
- geographically encouraged political fragmentation
what era took place in 3,200 - 1,100 BC
Bronze Age
what era occurred during 1100 - 800 BC
Dark Age
what is a dark age
a period where we don’t know a lot but we know it was bad
what does dark age mean
- no innovation
- wars
- disease
what era occurred from 800 - 490 BC
Archaic Period
what era occurred from 490 - 323 BC
Classical Period
what era occurred from 323 - 146 BC
Hellenistic Era
what was the scholarly consensus made in 1870 about the bronze age
- illiad and odyssey were just stories
- anything before 776 BC were lost
describe Illiad and the Odyssey
- stories start by word of mouth
- shaped over many centuries
- passed down through song and play
who were the illiad and odyssey attributed to
Homer
when were the Illiad and Odyssey written down
the 8th century
give a brief description of Heinrich Schliemann
- German
- expert linguist
- got into banking
- retired at 46
- moved to Athens, Greece
- married Sophia (17)
when were the Myceneans around
2000BC
where did the Myceneans live
eastern coast of peleponesse
where does our knowledge of the Myceneans come from
- Illiad and Odyssey
- archaelogical digs
who conquered the minoans by 1300 (maybe)
the myceneans
what places did Schliemann discover
Mycenae and Tiryns
describe mycanae
- rich in gold (Illiad)
- shaft graves and beehive tombs
who was believed to have lived in Mycanae
Agamemnon
what did Mycanae predate by 400 years?
Homeric Troy
what did Schliemann discover but couldn’t explore cuz he died
Crete
why were people migrating out f Asia Minor
- natural disasters
- agricultural difficulties
- conflicts/war
describe what happened during the early hellenic civilizations
- institution of the polis
- greek city state
what were the 4 types of governemnt that the greeks knew
- monarchy and tyranny
- aristocracy (born of leading fam)
- oligarchy
- and Athenian Democracy
what changed were made during the unification of Attica
- was controlled by Athens
- tribal kings replaced by aristocrats and oligarchs
- duel-rulership
who ruled in a duel-rulership
- polemarch (military commander)
- Archon (policies commander)
what happened during the struggle for power inEarly Athens
they moved from a monarchy to an aristocracy and to an oligarchy
who were the rulers in early Athens
- Solon (established constitution)
- Pisistratus and Hippias (father son)
- attempted to establish fam as rulers
around when is democracy born
508/509 BC
what happens to Pisistratus and Hippias
Pisistratus died and Hippias gets exciled and joins the persians
how was democracy born
cleisthenes brings it up
- gets support of Athenians (demos)
- gets kicked out by king
- they run him and spartans off
- democracy is born under Cleisthenes
What is todays equivalent of the Ecclesia
legislative branch
who made up the Ecclesia
the demos
- freeborn adult males
- had the right to speak and vote in assembly
describe the Boule
- council of 500
- 50 for each tribe
- 10 tribes
- 30 yo minimum
- 1 year terms
what is todays equivalent of the Archon
Judicial branch
who made up the Archons
- old aristocratic families
- judges/magistrates
did the Archon hold much power?
no, it was very limited
where did the Boule meet
Aereopagus hill
where did the Ecclesia meet
the Pnyx
- was a giant amphitheatre
what war started the rise of warrior culture in Sparta
the Messinian War
describe spartan women
- more freedom than greek women
- would fight when their men died
- attended the games
- economic control of household
what battles were in the second greco-persian war
battle of salamis and the battle of Platea
who fought in the battle of salamis
Athenians and Spartans against the Persians
who won the battle of salamis
the athenians
why did the persians lose the battle of salamis
- weren’t prepared for the amount of ships
- 12 feet wide
- 20 knots
- rammed the enemy
who won the battle of platea
the greeks
who was the king during the peloponnesian war in Athens
Pericles
how long did the peloponnesian war last
23 years
describe the peloponnesian war
the Athenians beef up defenses, pursue being empire
- conflct with corinth, sparta sides with corinth
- war and stalemate ensue
- spartans are starved into surrender
when did the power and influence of prists begin to slowly decline?
500 BC
what is the golden mean
balance
what is the corinth
the land bridge
what is hubris
too much pride
what is the root of philosophy
- phileo (love
- sophia (wisdom)
how did the greeks view philospohy
examination of entire spectrum of human knowledge
what was the focus of pre-socratic philospohy
origin and nature of physical world
who was the first true mathematician, and what did he do for philosophy?
Thales of Militus
- non-mythological explan. of real world
who theorized about the existence of atoms
democritus (father of science)
- developed concept of universal law (gravity)
what did anaxamander do for philosophy
- simple theory of evolution
- theory of boundless universe
who was the first great empiricist
Hippocratus
who was the master of plato
socrates
what are some thing socrates did
- right and wrong
- epistomology (why is the sky blue)
- socratic method ( q&a&q&a&q&a)
who created the allegory of the cave
plato
what are some of platos accomplishments
- truth and reality
- wrote the republic
- anti- democratic
- teacher of aristotle
what did aristotle do?
literally everything
when were the first olympic games
776 BC
describe the life of phillip of macedon
he died in 336 when his youngest son Caranus was born by his 7th wife Cleopatra Euridyce. It is rumored that Alexander III who was 20 at the time killed his father in order to become the kind as the heir was just bron and too young to rule
describe Phillip of Macedon’s death
he was assassinated in October of 336 on his daughters wedding day by his male lover and bodyguard
what was Phillip of Macedon’s goal
to unite all greeks
- by force
what happened after Phillips death
Alexander the Great took over
- there were rebellions but they were quickly shut down
how did a mixed culture in greece come to be
- greeks marrying others
- imposition o fgreek ideas and language
- decline of polis
- trade with india established
what was the status of women in Hellenistic culture
they had many more rights such as marriage and able to go to philosophical schools as well as positions of power in priestesses and politics
how many Athenians and Persians died in the first greco-persian war
- 192 Athenians
- 6,500 Persians
