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Hist West Civ > Unit 1 test > Flashcards

Unit 1 test Flashcards

1
Q

define epoch

A

a time period

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2
Q

define era

A

a time period

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3
Q

define contemporary

A

happening or living at the same time

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4
Q

define chronological

A

events in the order of occurance

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5
Q

define anachronistic

A

anything out of its proper time period

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6
Q

define archaeology

A

study of old stuff/ things that past humans left behind

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7
Q

define anthropology

A

study of old remains (mummies)

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8
Q

define culture

A

the way of life of a group

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9
Q

define covilization

A

a complex, developed culture usually associated with specific achievements such as agriculture, urban life, specialized labor, and a system of writing

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10
Q

define theist

A

anyone who believes in any kind of god

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11
Q

define polytheist

A

one who believes in many gods

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12
Q

define monotheist

A

one who believes in one god

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13
Q

define athiest

A

someone who doesn’t believe in god

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14
Q

define historiography

A

study of history in its written form

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15
Q

what does BC mean

A

before christ

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16
Q

what does AD mean

A

Anno Domini

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17
Q

what does anno domini mean

A

the time after god

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18
Q

whats the alternative for bc and ad

A

BCE and CE
before common era and common era

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19
Q

describe how centuries work

A

1st century - 0-99
2nd century - 100-199
21st century - 2000-2099

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20
Q

describe BC

A

1st century BC: -99-1
2nd century BC: -199-100

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21
Q

define history

A

whats been recorded and passed down

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22
Q

define prehistory

A

what occurred prior to the written record

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23
Q

around what time would we consider it prehistory

A

4000 bc

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24
Q

when was the early Paleolithic era

A

3,000,000-30,000 BC

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25
Q

what does Paleolithic mean

A

old rock / old stone age

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26
Q

what were the tools like in the early Paleolithic era

A

-unrefined tools
-stone tools (flaking, chipping)

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27
Q

when did the late Paleolithic era occur

A

30,000-10,000 BC

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28
Q

describe the tools of the late paleolithic era

A

advanced tools
-fishhook, harpoon, bow and arrow

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29
Q

when did the neolithic era occur

A

10,000-7,000

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30
Q

what were the tools like in the neolithic era

A

refined by grinding and polishing

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31
Q

what were some of the characteristics of the neolithic age

A

-knitting and weaving
-permanent settlements
-planned agriculture
-fire by friction
-domesticated animals

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32
Q

who were the first “people”

A

donosovan

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33
Q

where do homo sapiens sapiens come from

A

Africa

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34
Q

where did they migrate to from egypt and israel

A

Mesopotamia, America, Asia, europe

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35
Q

when did the neolithic transition occur

A

15,000 BC

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36
Q

what happened during the neolithic transition

A

large groups in SW Asia and middle east abandon the nomadic lifestyle to begin permanent settlements

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37
Q

what are some theories why the neolithic transition occured

A
  1. climate change
  2. human ingenuity (discovery of water source, plant production or migration patterns)
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38
Q

describe the neolithic agricultural revolution

A

-more people living in settlements
-privately owned property
-rules for property boundaries and women
-specialization of labor
-irrigation

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39
Q

who most likely discovered farming

A

women

40
Q

what was the earliest place farming was evident

A

Wadi Natuf

41
Q

what were the people called that lived in Wadi Natuf

A

Natufians

42
Q

what were two of the major settlements during the neolithic era

A

Jericho and Catalhoyuk

43
Q

where was jericho

A

west bank of jordan river

44
Q

where was Catalhoyuk

A

Turkey

45
Q

what does Mesopotamia mean

A

middle of rivers

46
Q

what rivers where mesopotamia surrounded by

A

tigris and Euphrates

47
Q

where is Mesopotamia in modern day maps

A

iraq

48
Q

what was the agriculture like in Mesopotamia

A
  • lots of water near rivers
  • irrigation (6,000 bc)
  • small scale
49
Q

what kind of crops were harvested in Mesopotamia

A

Barley, wheat and peas

50
Q

describe Mesopotamian cities

A
  • differ from earlier villages
  • influence extended beyond walls (economic, cultural, religious)
51
Q

what did Hammurabi conquer

A

the old Babylonian Empire

52
Q

what were the time periods for the old, middle and new kingdom

A

old: 3100-2040 BC
middle: 2040-1600 BC
new: 1600-1100 BC

53
Q

why are upper and lower egypt upside down

A

they used the flow of the Nile to orient themselves

54
Q

where was lower and upper egypt

A

lower: delta region
upper: long strip south of delta

55
Q

where was Nubia between

A

between Nile’s 1st and 6th cataracts/rapids

56
Q

who was the father of history

A

Herodotus

57
Q

when did Herodotus do his work

A

400’s BC

58
Q

What did Herodotus call Egypt

A

Gift of the Nile

59
Q

how did egyptians farm

A

they tossed seeds out as the Nile flooded to created easier farming

60
Q

how did egyptians move beyond the Niles immediate area

A

they built levees, catchment basins, and shadufs

61
Q

egyptians were slower than mesopotamians to develop ________________

A

metal tools and weapons

62
Q

what did egyptians quickly develop

A

pottery, leather textiles

63
Q

what did pyramid building require

A

laborers, architects, engineers, and artists

64
Q

what were two of the major cities in egypt

A

Memphis and Thebes

65
Q

describe Memphis

A
  • founded by Menes 3100BC
  • capital of ^ and v egypt
  • located head of delta of nile
66
Q

Describe Thebes

A

administrative upper egypt and seat of worship for Amon

67
Q

who were the two main gods in ancient egypt

A

Amon and Ra

68
Q

describe Amon

A
  • thebian deity
  • god of sun, creation, fertility and production
69
Q

describe Re

A
  • worshipped at Heleopolis
  • sun god
70
Q

who challenged Amon-Re and with what god

A

Akhenaten/ Aten

71
Q

why did egyptians mummify their dead

A
  • pragmatic reasons
  • preparation for journey into afterlife
72
Q

what god leads you into the next life

A

Osiris

73
Q

what god will eat your soul if you fail judgement

A

Amet

74
Q

what’s the egyptian social heirarchy

A
  1. Gods
  2. pharoah
  3. vizier
  4. priests
  5. bureaucrats
  6. craftspeople/merchants
  7. slaves
75
Q

who was the only female pharoah

A

Hatshepsut

76
Q

how did egypts economic system work

A
  • used the nile as transport
  • built boats
77
Q

describe the natural resources of the nile

A

had: many plants (papyrus, dates, etc.)
lacked: building wood

78
Q

where did the egyptians get building wood

A

lebanon (also traded with Nubia

79
Q

what did papyrus make

A

paper, boats, ropes, baskets

80
Q

Khufu is made from ___________

A

2.5 tons of 2,300,000 blocks of limestone

81
Q

describe hieroglyphics

A

used only for kings
- consisted of 750 symbols

82
Q

what language was used by the common egyptian

A

demotic

83
Q

describe Hammurabi’s code

A

used lex talionis (eye for an eye)

84
Q

where did the phoenecians occupy

A

modern day lebanon and north africa

85
Q

what did phoenicians create in language

A

the phonetic alphabet

86
Q

when did the Assyrian Empire take place

A

746-609 BC

87
Q

what were the chief cities of Assyria

A

Nineveh and Assur

88
Q

who founded the early use of tight-knit infantry formations

A

the Assyrian Empire
(shield walls and spears)

89
Q

who did the Assyrian empire overthrow and when

A

northern kindgom of israel 722 BCE

90
Q

when did the new babylonian empire take place

A

612-539

91
Q

who was the most notable king of the new babylonian empire

A

nebuchadnezzar

92
Q

describe babylon

A

more than 2100 acres
modern day iraq
1,729 temples
made a lavish showcase

93
Q

describe the hanging gardens of babylon

A
  • one of the seven wonders of the world
  • built by nebuchadnezzar II around 600 BC
94
Q

describe hebrews and israelites

A
  • started with abraham, jacob and issac
  • established in Canaan
  • went into egypt and were enslaved
95
Q

who was the only female judge of israel

A

deborah

Hist West Civ (1 decks)

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