Unit 2 Test😰

Question 1

Smaller cells surface area

Answer 1

Typically higher surface area to volume ratio, more efficient exchange of materials

Question 2

Larger cells surface area

Answer 2

Decrease in relative surface area to volume ratio, difficult for them to meet internal resource demands and sufficiently remove waste

Question 3

Chloroplasts are specialized for…

Answer 3

Photosynthesis and capturing energy from sun to produce sugar

Question 4

Compartments inside chloroplast- Thylakoid

Answer 4

Highly folded, organized in stacks (grana)
Chlorophyll pigments-> photosynthesis and electron transport, proteins found here

Question 5

Compartments of chloroplast- stroma

Answer 5

Fluid between inner membrane and outside thylakoids
Carbon fixation (Calvin benson cycle) reactions

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Double membrane
Capture energy from macromolecules
Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)
Electron transport and ATP synthesis —> inner membrane

Question 7

Vacuoles

Answer 7

Storage, release of water, macromolecules, cellular waste products
Aid retention of water for pressure
Rigor pressure- internal cellular force usually caused by water pushing up against plasma membrane and cell wall

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

Have hydrolysis enzymes
Intercellular digestion
Recycling of organic materials
Programmed cell death (apoptosis)

Question 9

ER

Answer 9

Provides mechanical support
Plays a role in intracellular transport
Rough ER carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes that are bound to its membrane

Question 10

the process by which a cell actively transports large molecules, like proteins or waste products, out of the cell by fusing a membrane-bound vesicle containing the material with the cell membrane, effectively releasing its contents into the extracellular environment

Answer 10

Exocytosis

Question 11

the process where a cell actively takes in substances from its surrounding environment by engulfing them with a portion of its cell membrane, which then pinches off to form a vesicle inside the cell, effectively “bringing things into the cell

Answer 11

Endocytosis

Question 12

Same concentration of solutes and solvent

Answer 12

Isotonic

Question 13

More solutes and less solvents

Answer 13

Hypertonic

Question 14

Fear solutes and more solvent

Answer 14

Hypotonic

Question 15

substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Answer 15

Active transport

Question 16

does not require the cell to expend any energy and involves a substance diffusing down its concentration gradient across a membrane

Answer 16

Passive transport

Question 17

Single celled organisms that lack a nucleus or specialized organelles. The most abundant form of life, found in water, land, and air. Include archaea and bacteria

Answer 17

Prokaryotes

Question 18

Evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts- ancient bacteria were consumed by a larger cell and incorporated into the structure of the existing cell

Answer 18

Endosymbiotic theory

Question 19

The presence of inner and outer Souter membrane, distinct DNA inside organelles, organelles divide through binary fission, ribosomes are like bacterial ribosomes

Answer 19

Evidence of endosymbiotic theory

Question 20

provides mechanical support, carries out protein synthesis on membrane-bound ribosomes, and plays a role in intracellular transport.

Answer 20

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

provides compartments for different metabolic reactions.

Answer 21

Mitochondrial double membrane

Question 22

contain hydrolytic enzymes, which are important in intracellular digestion, the recycling of a cell’s organic materials, and programmed cell death (apoptosis).

Answer 22

Lysosomes

Question 23

have many roles, including storage and release of macromolecules and cellular waste products. In plants, it aids in retention of water for turgor pressure.

Answer 23

Vacuoles