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Chemistry > Unit 2 Test > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three steps of refining oil

A

Separation, conversion treating, blending

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2
Q

Explain cracking

A

Long chain alkanes becomes one alkane and two alkenes

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3
Q

What is used up in thermal cracking

A

Heat and pressure

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4
Q

Explain fluid catalytic cracking

A

Gas oil is mixed with powdered catalyst.

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5
Q

Explain hydrocracking

A

Feed is mixed with hydrogen and reactor is filled with fixed bed of catalyst.

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6
Q

What is octane rating

A

Similarity to iso-octane

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7
Q

What is isomerization

A

Platinum is a catalyst to form isomers from alkanes.

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8
Q

What is reforming

A

Aromatic is produced from naphtha vapor

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9
Q

What is alkylation

A

Alkyl group joins an alkene (acid is a catalyst)

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10
Q

What is sweetening

A

Removing sulfur for better smell.

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11
Q

Fluid bed Vs. Fixed Bed

A

Fluid refers to finely powdered while fixed bed refers to small lumps.

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12
Q

What are the two types of catalysts

A

Acids and Solids

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13
Q

What are zeolites made of

A

Zeolites are a mix of silicon, oxygen, and aluminum

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of zeolites

A

They are porous and have a high surface area (900M^2)

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15
Q

What are the benefits of zeolites

A

More active than other catalysts, very durable, very affordable.

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16
Q

What are the two different types of polymerization

A

Addition and condensation

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17
Q

How can you tell if it’s an addition polymerization

A

Two double bonded carbons and two monomers form a polymer.

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18
Q

How can you tell if it’s a condensation polymerization

A

Monomers with functional groups are present on both ends.

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19
Q

What are the three steps in addition polymerization

A

Initiation, propagation, and termination

20
Q

What happens in the initiation stage?

A

A free radical combines with hydrogen peroxide.

21
Q

What happens in the propagation stage

A

More double bonds break.

22
Q

What happens in the termination stage

A

Another free radical joins.

23
Q

HDPE

A

High density polyethylene. Produced with low pressure and is rigid and opaque.

24
Q

LDPE

A

Low density polyethylene. Produced with high pressure, is transparent and weak.

25
Q

List the 5 important monomers in emulsion polymerization

A

Styrene, Acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, isobutylene, isoprene.

26
Q

Name 3 main emulsion reactions

A

SBR - (Styrene + Butadiene)
Nitrile Rubber (Acrylonitrile + butadiene)
Butyl Rubber - Isobutylene + isoprene

27
Q

What is the surfactant molecule

A

A dispersion agent for monomers and polymers that has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail.

28
Q

What are the three stages of manufacturing rubber

A

Emulsion polymerization, coagulation, compounding

29
Q

What is emulsion polymerization

A

Monomer and free radical are emulsified by using surfactants to produce latex.

30
Q

Explain coagulation

A
  • Acidified brine solution breaks emulsion
  • Synerizing heats to soft
  • Crumbs pass through vibrating screen to become 0.75% moisture
31
Q

What is the most popular compounding device

A

Banbury mixer

32
Q

What is compounding

A

The addition of ingredients to rubber in order to make it higher quality. This includes vulcanization agents, antioxidants, fillers, and carbon black.

33
Q

What is vulcanization

A

Heating rubber with sulfur.

34
Q

What is the largest produced rubber in the world.

A

Styrene-butadiene

35
Q

Pollution stats

A

Plastic takes 500-1,000 years to decompose and there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean by 2050

35
Q

How is styrene-butadiene made

A

Butadiene and styrene are mixed with surfactant catalysts in an agitated pressure vessel. Once stopped, antioxidant is added.

36
Q

What is oxidation

A

Loss of electrons

37
Q

What is reduction

A

Gain of electrons

38
Q

What is Oxygen charge in covalent

A

-2

39
Q

What is hydrogen charge in covalent

A

+1

40
Q

What is corrosion

A

Metals are oxidized by environment

41
Q

How is corrosion prevented

A

Coating the metals

42
Q

What is used in the plants to prevent corrosion

A

Cathodic protection (Magnesium is more likely to be oxidized)

43
Q

What is natural rubber

A

Rubber found in a tree in brazil which is extracted under the bark.

44
Q

What are the four types of reactors

A

Stirred, fixed bed, fluidized bed, tubular

Chemistry (3 decks)

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