Unit 2 Test Flashcards
What are the three steps of refining oil
Separation, conversion treating, blending
Explain cracking
Long chain alkanes becomes one alkane and two alkenes
What is used up in thermal cracking
Heat and pressure
Explain fluid catalytic cracking
Gas oil is mixed with powdered catalyst.
Explain hydrocracking
Feed is mixed with hydrogen and reactor is filled with fixed bed of catalyst.
What is octane rating
Similarity to iso-octane
What is isomerization
Platinum is a catalyst to form isomers from alkanes.
What is reforming
Aromatic is produced from naphtha vapor
What is alkylation
Alkyl group joins an alkene (acid is a catalyst)
What is sweetening
Removing sulfur for better smell.
Fluid bed Vs. Fixed Bed
Fluid refers to finely powdered while fixed bed refers to small lumps.
What are the two types of catalysts
Acids and Solids
What are zeolites made of
Zeolites are a mix of silicon, oxygen, and aluminum
What are the characteristics of zeolites
They are porous and have a high surface area (900M^2)
What are the benefits of zeolites
More active than other catalysts, very durable, very affordable.
What are the two different types of polymerization
Addition and condensation
How can you tell if it’s an addition polymerization
Two double bonded carbons and two monomers form a polymer.
How can you tell if it’s a condensation polymerization
Monomers with functional groups are present on both ends.
What are the three steps in addition polymerization
Initiation, propagation, and termination
What happens in the initiation stage?
A free radical combines with hydrogen peroxide.
What happens in the propagation stage
More double bonds break.
What happens in the termination stage
Another free radical joins.
HDPE
High density polyethylene. Produced with low pressure and is rigid and opaque.
LDPE
Low density polyethylene. Produced with high pressure, is transparent and weak.
