Unit 2: Sociocultural Approach Flashcards
Social identity theory (Park and Rothbart)
Explains how we define ourselves based on group membership (social categorization, social comparison, social identity)
Positive distinctiveness (Park and Rothbart)
Comparing positive aspects of your in-group to negative aspects of out-groups, increases group self-esteem
In-group favoritism (Park and Rothbart)
Tendency to favor members of our in-groups
Out-group discrimination (Park and Rothbart)
Tendency to view members of out-groups more negatively
Salience (Park and Rothbart)
Social identity varies depending on situational factors and personal relevance
Self-esteem hypothesis (Park and Rothbart)
Self-esteem is derived from social identities, enhanced by out-group discrimination
Stereotype (Stone)
A generalization made about a group and attributed to its members
Out group homogeneity effect (Stone)
Members of an out-group perceived as more similar to each other
Grain of truth hypothesis (Stone)
An experience with an individual will be generalized to the group
Illusory correlation (Stone)
People overestimate a relationship between two variables when there is none
Stereotype threat (Stone)
People fear being judged or perpetuating stereotypes, affects performance
Stereotypical encoding (Stone)
Existing stereotypes can affect how we encode information (schema)
Social cognitive theory (Bandura)
Learn behavior through observation: attention, retention, motivation, self efficacy
Vicarious reinforcement (Bandura)
Learning by seeing someone being rewarded for their actions
Triadic reciprocal determinism (Bandura)
Three factors shape behavior: personal, behavioral, environmental
Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (Berry)
Describes tendencies for different cultures (ex power distance, individualism vs collectivism, etc)
Collectivist culture (Berry)
Group as a whole valued more than individual
Individualist culture (Berry)
Individual valued over group as a whole
Enculturation (Barry)
The process of learning and internalizing rules, values, and expectations of one’s culture
Acculturation (Lyons-Padilla)
Adoption of the rules and norms of a majority culture
Assimilation (Lyons-Padilla)
An individual abandons the original culture and adopts the values of their new culture
Integration (Lyons-Padilla)
Adopting the behaviors and values of the new culture while maintaining original culture
Marginalization (Lyons-Padilla)
Impossible to maintain original culture but impossible to assimilate into a new culture
Acculturative stress (Lyons-Padilla)
Stress resulting from changing one’s culture aka culture shock
