Unit 2 Soaps, Emulsions And Detergents Flashcards
What is a soap?
A salt
How are soaps made?
By the alkaline hydrolysis of fats and oils
What is formed in alkaline hydrolysis of a fat/oil?
Soap, glycerol, water souble ionic salt
What is the structure of a soap molecule?
Contain a ionic carboxylate head which is polar and hydrophilic
Contain a long hydrocarbon tail which is not polar and hydrophobic.
What is hydrophilic?
Soluble in polar solvents
What is hydrophobic?
Soluble in non polar solvents
How do soaps work?
The hydrophobic tail of soap will dissolve in non polar grease/oil
The hydrophilic head of the soap will dissolve in polar water
Ball like structure forms with hydrophobic tail on inside and negative hydrophilic head on outside
What are detergents?
Family of compound that work the same way as soap
Where do detergents work best?
Are particularly useful in hard water areas because they do not form scum
What are emulsions?
They contain small droplets of one liquid dispersed in another liquid
What is a example of a emulsion?
In food are mixtures of oil and water
What is added to emulsions and why?
Emulsifiers, to prevent the oil and water components separating into layers
How are emulsifiers made and what can they be?
Reacting fatty acid chains and glycerol
Can be moniglyceride or di glyceride
How do emulsifiers prevent oil and water from separating?
They contain atleast 1 hydroxyl group that is polar and hydrophilic and will dissolve in water
They contain at least 1 fatty acid chain that contains a long hydrocarbon that is non polar and hydrophobic and will dissolve in oil
What is hard water?
Water containing high levelsof dissolved metal ions
