Unit 2: Soaps Flashcards

1
Q

How are soaps formed

A

Alkaline hydrolysis (breaking up) of fats and oils by sodium or potassium hydroxide by boiling under reflux conditions

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2
Q

Step 1 of making soap

A

Hydrolysis produces three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule

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3
Q

Step 2 of making soap

A

Fatty acid molecules neutralised by the alkali, forming water soluble, ionic salts called soaps

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4
Q

Why use soap

A

Water on non-polar substances like grease due to fats, do not dissolve in water. Water is polar, grease is non polar

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5
Q

How soaps work step 1

A

Hydrophobic non-polar tail dissolves into droplets of oil and grease

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6
Q

How soaps work step 2

A

Negative ionic hydrophilic heads remain in surrounding water

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7
Q

How soaps work step

A

Agitation causes ball-like structures called micelles to form

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8
Q

How soaps work step 3

A

Negatively-charged ball-like structures repel each other and oil or grease is kept suspended in water stopping the grease from forming back together

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9
Q

Soapless detergents

A

When soap is used in hard water, charged calcium and magnesium ions present react with soap to form the insoluble substance scum.

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10
Q

Soapless detergents

A

Non-polar hydrophobic and ionic hydrophilic heads, remove oil in the same way as soap

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