Unit 2: Skeletal Flashcards
What is the shape and location of the Frontal Bone?
Shell shaped bone forming the anterior cranium and the superior orbits.
How many Parietal Bones are there and what do they form?
Two large bones forming most of the superior and lateral aspects of the cranium.
What do Temporal Bones form?
Bones that form the inferolateral aspects of the skull.
What is the function of the external auditory/acoustic meatus?
A passageway that guides sound waves to the tympanic membrane.
What is the mandibular fossa?
A depression on the temporal bone where the mandible articulates with the skull.
What is the mastoid process?
Enlargement on the skull posterior to the earlobe, site of attachment for muscles that move the skull.
What does the Occipital Bone form?
Most of the posterior wall and base of the skull.
What passes through the foramen magnum?
The brain stem extends to connect to the spinal cord.
What is the function of the occipital condyle?
Articulates with the atlas vertebra allowing the head to move up and down and side to side.
What shape is the Sphenoid Bone and why is it significant?
Butterfly shaped bone considered the keystone of the skull because it articulates with all cranial bones.
What is the optic foramen?
Round hole in each posterior orbit for the Optic nerve (II).
What does the sella turcica protect?
Houses the pituitary gland.
Where is the Ethmoid Bone located?
Between the nasal bones and the sphenoid.
What is the cribriform plate?
Flat portion of the ethmoid bone where olfactory bulbs lie.
What is the crista galli?
Midline projection of the ethmoid bone into the brain case.
What is the sagittal suture?
Fibrous joint between the two parietal bones along the midline.
What is formed by the squamous suture?
Fibrous joint between the parietal bone and the temporal bone.
What connects the parietal bones and the frontal bone?
Coronal suture.
What does the lambdoid suture connect?
Fibrous joint between the occipital bone and the parietal bones.
What is the Mandible?
The u-shaped lower jawbone.
What is the coronoid process?
A projection of the mandible for muscle attachment.
What forms the upper jaw?
Maxillae (two fused bones).
What do Palatine Bones form?
The posterior portion of the hard palate.
What is the function of Lacrimal Bones?
Small bones on the anterior medial wall of the orbits.
What does the vomer form?
The inferior part of the nasal septum.
What is the function of Inferior Nasal Conchae?
Increase the surface area of the nasal cavity.
What do Zygomatic bones form?
The cheeks and the lateral orbits.
What is the Zygomatic arch?
Bridge of bone formed by projections of the temporal and zygomatic bones.
What do Nasal Bones form?
The bridge of the nose.
What is unique about the Hyoid bone?
It is not directly attached to another bone.
What is Kyphosis?
Exaggerated thoracic curvature.
What is Lordosis?
Exaggerated lumbar curvature.
What is Scoliosis?
Abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column.
What is the Body (centrum) of a vertebra?
Thick, cylindrical part responsible for bearing weight.
What is the Vertebral foramen?
Hole formed by the vertebral body and arch for the spinal cord.
What is the Spinous process?
Midline, posterior projection for ligament and muscle attachments.
What is the Transverse process?
Lateral projections for ligament and muscle attachments.
What are Cervical vertebrae?
The smallest, lightest vertebrae found in the neck.
What are Transverse foramina?
Openings in cervical vertebrae for vertebral arteries.
What is the Atlas?
First cervical vertebra (C1) allowing for lateral skull movement.
What is the Axis?
Second cervical vertebra (C2) allowing for ‘no’ movement of the skull.
What do Thoracic vertebrae articulate with?
The ribs.
What are Lumbar vertebrae known for?
Large, sturdy vertebrae in the lower back.
What does the Sacrum consist of?
Five fused vertebrae forming the posterior wall of the pelvis.
What are Sacral foramina?
Openings through which spinal nerves exit the sacrum.
What is the Sacral canal?
Continuation of the vertebral canal containing the cauda equina.
What is the Sacral hiatus?
Inferior opening of the sacral canal for anesthetic injection.
What is the Coccyx?
The ‘tailbone’ typically comprised of four fused coccygeal vertebrae.
What is the Sternum?
The ‘breastbone’ anchoring the clavicles and most ribs.
What is the Manubrium?
The superior bone of the sternum.
What is the Body of the sternum?
The main, middle bone of the sternum.
What is the Xiphoid process?
The inferior bone of the sternum, anchoring abdominal muscles.
What are True ribs?
Seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum.
What are False ribs?
Five pairs of ribs without direct attachment to the sternum.
What are floating false ribs?
Ribs 11 and 12 that have no anterior attachment.
