Unit 2 SG Flashcards
Freud
Psychoanalysis -
Id, Ego, Superego, Libido:
based on interaction between conscious and unconscious forces; ex. An incident that happened years back still affects him and the way he reacts to situations.
Libido: Internal energy that controls behavior
Id-devil on shoulder
Ex. A hungry baby cried until he was fed
Superego- moral compass
Ex. They could have gotten away with only paying for one, but they wanted to be honest and they knew that the restaurant owner and employees needed to make a living.
Ego- balancer; satisfy id based on superego
Ex. She asked her mom to wear the necklace so she wouldn’t be mad.
Jung
Archetype, Collective Unconscious, Persona
Archetype- basic traits that everybody has,
ex. the persona, the shadow, the animus, and the self.
Collective Unconsciousness- portion of a person that contains archetypes shared by all,
ex. the universal fear of snakes or spiders
Persona- The fake identity we give ourselves,
ex. creative, conscientious, honorable, resilient, disciplined, etc.
Big 5 OCEAN
Openness- Ideas and Values
Conscientiousness- Order and Achievement
Extroversion- Warmth and Excitement
Agreeableness- Trust and Compliance
Neuroticism- Anxiety and Vulnerability
Adler
Individual Psychology -
Superiority/Inferiority complex -
a strength-based theory that assumes a positive view of human nature;
ex. Happiness and suffering is the result of choices made by individuals in their efforts to meet various life goals.
Inferiority complexes are the main motivator behind a person’s behaviors, thoughts, feelings, and actions. Superiority complexes are when a person develops an outward complex as an overcompensation for their deep feelings of inferiority.
Allport
Cardinal, Central, Secondary traits
Cardinal- traits that dominate your personality;
Central- main traits that form your personality;
Secondary- variable traits that differ based on circumstance;
Bandura
Social/observational learning -
Modeling,
Self-regulation,
Bobo Doll,
Self-efficacy
Reciprocal determinism -
emphasizes the importance of observing, modeling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others.
Modeling- learning can occur by watching others and then modeling what they do or say.
Self-regulation- people use their own internal moral standards to predict the feelings they would experience after engaging in potential behavior
Bobo Doll- performed to test his social learning theory, demonstrated that children are able to learn through the observation of adult behavior.
Self-efficacy- an individual’s belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments
Reciprocal determinism -a person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
Cattell
IPAT (Now called 16pf), WWII Officer test, 16 PF
Surface/Source Traits
IPAT- a self-administered, objective inventory of adult personality designed to assess various psychopathological syndromes
WWII Test- tests were designed to measure sensory perception and reaction times and thus to determine intelligence indirectly.
16 PF- a reliable measure of 16 personality traits that describe and predict a person’s behavior in a variety of contexts.
Surface- traits you see;
Source- where your traits come from;
Eysenck
Personality Dimensions (sanguine, melancholic, choleric, phlegmatic)
Introvert/Extrovert
Sanguine- cheerful and optimistic
Melancholic- sad, depressed, pessimistic
Choleric- quick, hot tempered, aggressive
Phlegmatic- slow, lazy, dull
Introvert- keeps to themselves; ex. Me
Extrovert- life of the party; ex. My sister
Horney
Feminine Psychology -
Neurosis, Inner Conflict
Neurotic Needs (4 examples)
proposed that strategies used to cope with anxiety can be overused, causing them to take on the appearance of needs.
Neurosis- emotional stability
Inner Conflict- balancing neurotic needs as a person
Neurotic Needs: affection, power, independence, perfection
Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs (definitions and examples)
- Self-actualization : full potential; ex. I am satisfied.
- Esteem needs : confidence, strength, self-belief, personal and social acceptance, respect from others; ex. I know who I want to be.
- Belongingness and love : friendship, intimacy, trust, acceptance, receiving and giving affection, love; ex. I feel accepted by my peers.
- Safety : protection from physical harm, the need for emotional well-being, job and financial security, and overall health; ex. The police keep me safe.
- Physiological needs : food, water, air, sleep, sex, clothing, shelter; ex. If I don’t have basic needs I cannot survive.
Rogers
Client-centered therapy -
Ideal self, Real self, Fully-functioning Individual
therapists will repeat information back to clients for therapy.
Ideal- who we want to be
Real- who we actually are
FFI- when ideal self and real self come together
Seligman
Positive Psych -
Perma+ -
theory that uses science to look at optimism
positive emotions, engagement, relationships, mattering, accomplishment (and health)
