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Physiological Psychology > Unit 2 review > Flashcards

Unit 2 review Flashcards

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1
Q

if cell reaches wrong target

A
  • feels like its in the right spot
  • not active when others are active
  • apoptosis
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2
Q

stem cell

A
  • embryonic
  • totipotent
  • regenerates
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3
Q

travel to target

A
  • migrate by chemical road signs
  • when get close, connect and interact with other neurons
  • if other neurons activated at same time, happy and fit in
  • use nerve growth factors to determine if in right spot
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4
Q

why don’t neurons regenerate

A
  • don’t have maternal chemical road signs
  • complicated connections
  • isolated from outside world, so not exposed to chemical or physical insults
  • shielded by BBB
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5
Q

3 epochs characterized by apoptosis

A
  1. ) paranatal- around birth
  2. ) around 5 yrs old- language cortex killed (Genie)
  3. ) around 21 yrs old- frontal cortex with cells associated with identity
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6
Q

NGF antagonist

A
  • bad if inject into brain

- cells kill themselves b/c no brain damage

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7
Q

how can lethal gene be dominant

A
  • by selfish gene theory doesn’t make sense

- only makes sense if gene kicks in after genes are spread (given to offspring)- Huntington’s

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8
Q

L dopa

A
  • effective temporarily for parkinsons
  • chemical precurser to dopamine- don’t have to wait around for synthesis
  • unlike dopamine crosses BBB
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9
Q

glutamate

A
  • aggravates already hurting cell b/c Na/K pumps not working right
  • Glu opens more channels -> bad
  • leads to cell death
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10
Q

stroke and stimulant

A
  • give after penumbra cells have recovered

- worse thing to do immediately

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11
Q

severed sensory nerve from brains perspective

A

-identical to missing limb

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12
Q

phantom limb

A
  • missing extremity which no longer sends input to the brain
  • theory- brain interprets noise as sensation
  • theory- adjacent nerves connect
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13
Q

layout of somatosensory and phantom limb

A
  • head next to hand

- if lose part of hand, head area can invade hand area

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14
Q

SZ symptoms not until after 20

A
  • frontal cortex hasn’t kicked in yet
  • if already have preexisting damage from prenatal stress, together with post-adolescent apoptsis leads to frontal lobe damage
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15
Q

anti-psychotic drug

A

-targets dopamine receptor and holds on
-dopamine can’t bind
Ex: Haldol

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16
Q

overabundance of dopamine

A
  • can produce psychotic symptoms

- and can induce parkinsons?

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17
Q

positive symptoms

A
  • not pleasant

- just means presentation of symptoms normal people don’t have

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18
Q

negative symptoms

A

-missing something that other people have

19
Q

what remains in tact for H.M

A
  • short term
  • everything that paying attention to now
  • all implicit in tact
  • can learn new skills and retrieve old skills
20
Q

What is lost in H.M

A
  • explicit long term

- could not store explicit

21
Q

explicit memories

A
  • things you can talk about in words
  • storage
  • retrieval
22
Q

implicit memories

A
  • conditioning
  • skill learning
  • storage
  • retrieval
23
Q

benzodiazepines

A

Ex: Valium

  • ease anxiety
  • turn down amygdala
  • amygdala connected to hippo so hippo suppressed too
  • suppressing long term memory
  • reversible hippocampus lesion (long term memory deficit)
24
Q

Brenda Milner and mirror drawing

A
  • wanted to show he could learn new things
  • had to be something H.M did not know at all in past
  • demonstrates that he starts out badly and improves with practice
25
Q

london cab drivers and bigger hippo

A
  • drive cabs longer have bigger hippo

- implies hippo can grow and regenerate

26
Q

fear and sensorimotor conditioning

A
  • different behaviorally
  • acquisition of fear is fast b/c associated with danger
  • acquisition of sensorimotor is slower
27
Q

extinction

A

-break connection of neutral and unconditioned stimulus

28
Q

acquisition

A

-association of neutral and unconditioned stimulus

29
Q

cooling brain

A
  • slowing brain processes and reactions

- suppression of cerebellum

30
Q

suppression of cerebellum

A
  • GABA, freeze, or poke
  • previously learned sensorimotor memories are abolished
  • restored after GABA diffuses or brain cools
31
Q

where does sensory motor conditioning reside

A

cerebellum

32
Q

where does fear conditioning reside

A

-amygdala

33
Q

Lashley

A

learning -> damage to lateral temporal -> intact memory

34
Q

Morris

A
  • damage to hippo (also had control group) -> damaged swims around to find island; control swims right to island
  • shows hippo damage abolishes storage of a map
35
Q

perseveration

A

-behavior of Wisconsin card task associated with frontal lobe syndrome

36
Q

Korsakoff’s

A
  • lack of impulse control
  • widespread lateral temporal damage
  • loss of all memories- losing connections (complete)
  • can store some memories
  • old memories gone, so when answer questions about themselves based on whatever pops in their head
37
Q

frontal cortex in normal individual

A
  • impulse control

- sculpting identity

38
Q

time course retrograde amnesia

A
  • 2 yrs
  • but can remember from 2 years before surgery and back
  • due to lateral temporal damage
39
Q

hit head

A

-lose 2 hrs retrograde amnesia

40
Q

working memory

A
  • associated with flexibility and control
  • Phineas Gage (frontal cortical syndrome)
  • embodied in frontal cortex
41
Q

explicit long term memories

A
  • H.M and water maze rats suggest medial temporal is implicated in STORAGE of explicit long term memories
  • Korsakoff shows that enough damage to lateral temporal leads to loss of actual explicit long term memories
  • Lashley showed that memories are spread across lateral
42
Q

cerebellum

A

-Thompson’s blinking bunnies showed that sensorimotor storage in cerebellum

43
Q

output of amygdala

A

-motor response

Ex: running away

Physiological Psychology (7 decks)

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