Unit 2 Research Methods Flashcards
The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
Hindsight bias
Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions
Critical thinking
An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
Theory
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Hypothesis
A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study
Operational definition
Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in discrete terms situations
Replication
A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Case study
Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
Naturalistic observation
A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group
Survey
A flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample
Sampling bias
All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn
Population
A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Random sample
A measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
Correlation
A statistical index of he relationship between two variables
Correlation coefficient
A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables.
Scatter plot