Unit 1 History & Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

Early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener ; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

A

Structuralism

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2
Q

Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

A

Functionalism

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3
Q

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

A

Experimental psychology

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4
Q

The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)

A

Behaviorism

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5
Q

A historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

A

Humanistic psychology

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6
Q

The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing remembering, and communicating

A

Cognitive psychology

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7
Q

The science of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

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8
Q

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from interactions of nature and nurture

A

Nature-nurture issue

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9
Q

The principe that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

A

Natural selection

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10
Q

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

A

Biopsychosocial approach

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11
Q

A branch of psychology that’s studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that info to treat people with psychological disorders

A

Psychodynamic psychology

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12
Q

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

A

Social-cultural psychology

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13
Q

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

A

Psychometrics

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14
Q

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

A

Developmental psychology

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15
Q

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

A

Educational psychology

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16
Q

The study of an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

A

Personality psychology

17
Q

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

A

Applied research

18
Q

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

A

Industrial-organizational psychology

19
Q

An I/o psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

A

Human factors psychology

20
Q

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living

A

Counseling psychology

21
Q

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

A

Clinical psychology

22
Q

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

A

Psychiatry

23
Q

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

A

Community psychology

24
Q

The scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

A

Positive psychology