UNIT 2 - Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Hindsight bias

A

“I knew it all along”

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2
Q

Critical thinking

A

Examines assumptions and assesses conclusions

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3
Q

Theory

A

Well-tested explanation

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4
Q

Hypothesis

A

Prediction

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5
Q

Operational definitions

A

carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study

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6
Q

Replication

A

Repeating research studies to determine the reliability

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7
Q

Case study

A

One person or group studied in depth

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8
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Observing natural behavior without controlling the situation

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9
Q

Survey

A

Self reported attitudes or behaviors

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10
Q

Sampling bias

A

a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample

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11
Q

Population

A

Everyone in the group being studied

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12
Q

Random sample

A

Fair representation as each member has an equal chance of being selected

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13
Q

Correlation

A

Connection

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14
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

Relationship between 2 variables. (Closer to 1 = higher)

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15
Q

Scatterplot

A

a graphical depiction of the relationship between two variables

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16
Q

Illusory correlation

A

the perception of a relationship where none exists

17
Q

Experiment

A

Investigator manipulates one ore more factors (independent variable) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable)

18
Q

Experimental group

A

The group(s) exposed to the treatment

19
Q

Control group

A

The group not exposed to the treatment

20
Q

Random assignment

A

Assigning participants to groups by chance

21
Q

Double-blind procedure

A

Researchers and research participants unaware if there’s a placebo or not

22
Q

Placebo effect

A

experimental results caused by expectations

23
Q

Independent variable

A

Manipulated variable being studied

24
Q

Cofounding variable

A

Variable that might produce an effect

25
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable

26
Q

Validity

A

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

27
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups

28
Q

Histogram

A

a bar graph depicting a frequency distribution

29
Q

Mode

A

most frequently occurring number

30
Q

Mean

A

Average

31
Q

Median

A

Middle number

32
Q

Skewed distribution

A

a representation of scores that lack symmetry around their average value

33
Q

Range

A

the difference between the highest and lowest number

34
Q

Standard deviation

A

Measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

35
Q

Normal curve

A

A symmetrical curve that describes the distribution of many types of data

36
Q

Inferential statistics

A

numerical data that allow one to generalize

37
Q

Statistical significance

A

how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

38
Q

Informed consent

A

Principle that enables participants to choose whether they want to participate

39
Q

Debriefing

A

Post experimental explanation of a study