UNIT 1 - Psychology's History & Approaches

Question 1

Empiricism

Answer 1

the belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation

Question 2

Wilhem Wundt

Answer 2

father of psychology

Question 3

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 3

american psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association

Question 4

Structuralism

Answer 4

the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind

Question 5

William James

Answer 5

Said that thinking developed because it was adaptive.

Question 6

Functionalism

Answer 6

How mental and behavioral processes enable organisms to survive

Question 7

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 7

American Psychological Association’s first female president

Question 8

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 8

Wrote “The Animal Mind”

Question 9

Experimental Psychology

Answer 9

the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

Question 10

Sigmund Freud

Answer 10

Said emotional responses to childhood experiences and our unconscious thought processes affect our behavior

Question 11

John B Watson

Answer 11

redefined psychology as “the scientific study of observable behavior”

Question 12

B.F. Skinner

Answer 12

Behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by training pigeons and rats

Question 13

Behaviorism

Answer 13

the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only

Question 14

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 14

perspective that emphasized the personal growth potential of healthy people

Question 15

Carl Rogers

Answer 15

Said environmental influences can affect growth potential. Said we need love and acceptance.

Question 16

Cognitive nueroscience

Answer 16

the study of brain activity linked with mental activity

Question 17

Psychology

Answer 17

the science of behavior and mental processes

Question 18

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 18

classical conditioning; dogs and saliva

Question 19

Jean Piaget

Answer 19

cognitive development in children

Question 20

Nature-nurture issue

Answer 20

Are our human traits present at birth, or do they develop through experience?

Question 21

Charles Darwin

Answer 21

Natural selection

Question 22

Natural selection

Answer 22

Nature selects traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in their environment

Question 23

Levels of Analysis

Answer 23

The different views for analyzing phenomenons

Question 24

biopsychsocial approach

Answer 24

Approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Question 25

Behavioral Psychology

Answer 25

observable behavior

Question 26

Biological Psychology

Answer 26

the links between biological and psychological processes

Question 27

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 27

how people think, learn, and remember

Question 28

evolutionary psychology

Answer 28

the evolution and behavior and mind; natural selection

Question 29

psychodynamic psychology

Answer 29

how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

Question 30

social-cultural psychology

Answer 30

how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Question 31

Psychometrics

Answer 31

Measuring human abilities, attitudes and traits

Question 32

Basic research

Answer 32

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 33

Developmental psychology

Answer 33

Physical, cognitive, and social change throughout life time

Question 34

Educational psychology

Answer 34

how psychological processes affect and enhance teaching and learning

Question 35

personality psychology

Answer 35

an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 36

Social psychology

Answer 36

how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 37

Applied Research

Answer 37

aims to solve practical problems

Question 38

Industrial-Organizational psychology

Answer 38

behavior in the workplace

Question 39

Human Factors psychology

Answer 39

how people and machines interact

Question 40

Counseling psychology

Answer 40

Assists people with problems

Question 41

Clinical psychology

Answer 41

studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 42

Psychiatry

Answer 42

medicine dealing with psychological disorders

Question 43

Positive Psychology

Answer 43

Promoting strengths to help individuals and communities thrive

Question 44

Community Psychology

Answer 44

Studies how people interact with their social environments and its effects

Question 45

Testing effect

Answer 45

enhanced memory after retrieving information

Question 46

SQ3R

Answer 46

study method incorporating 5 steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, review

Question 47

Forsenic psychology

Answer 47

Applying principles to legal issues

Question 48

Health psychology

Answer 48

Designs programs for healthcare and government improvement

Question 49

Neuropsychology

Answer 49

Relationship between nervous system and behavior