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AP PSYCH > UNIT 1 - Psychology's History & Approaches > Flashcards

UNIT 1 - Psychology's History & Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

Empiricism

A

the belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation

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2
Q

Wilhem Wundt

A

father of psychology

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3
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A

american psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association

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4
Q

Structuralism

A

the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind

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5
Q

William James

A

Said that thinking developed because it was adaptive.

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6
Q

Functionalism

A

How mental and behavioral processes enable organisms to survive

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7
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

American Psychological Association’s first female president

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8
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

Wrote “The Animal Mind”

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9
Q

Experimental Psychology

A

the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

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10
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Said emotional responses to childhood experiences and our unconscious thought processes affect our behavior

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11
Q

John B Watson

A

redefined psychology as “the scientific study of observable behavior”

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12
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

Behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by training pigeons and rats

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13
Q

Behaviorism

A

the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only

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14
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

perspective that emphasized the personal growth potential of healthy people

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15
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Said environmental influences can affect growth potential. Said we need love and acceptance.

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16
Q

Cognitive nueroscience

A

the study of brain activity linked with mental activity

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17
Q

Psychology

A

the science of behavior and mental processes

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18
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

classical conditioning; dogs and saliva

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19
Q

Jean Piaget

A

cognitive development in children

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20
Q

Nature-nurture issue

A

Are our human traits present at birth, or do they develop through experience?

21
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Natural selection

22
Q

Natural selection

A

Nature selects traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in their environment

23
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

The different views for analyzing phenomenons

24
Q

biopsychsocial approach

A

Approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

25
Q

Behavioral Psychology

A

observable behavior

26
Q

Biological Psychology

A

the links between biological and psychological processes

27
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

how people think, learn, and remember

28
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

the evolution and behavior and mind; natural selection

29
Q

psychodynamic psychology

A

how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

30
Q

social-cultural psychology

A

how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

31
Q

Psychometrics

A

Measuring human abilities, attitudes and traits

32
Q

Basic research

A

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

33
Q

Developmental psychology

A

Physical, cognitive, and social change throughout life time

34
Q

Educational psychology

A

how psychological processes affect and enhance teaching and learning

35
Q

personality psychology

A

an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

36
Q

Social psychology

A

how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

37
Q

Applied Research

A

aims to solve practical problems

38
Q

Industrial-Organizational psychology

A

behavior in the workplace

39
Q

Human Factors psychology

A

how people and machines interact

40
Q

Counseling psychology

A

Assists people with problems

41
Q

Clinical psychology

A

studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

42
Q

Psychiatry

A

medicine dealing with psychological disorders

43
Q

Positive Psychology

A

Promoting strengths to help individuals and communities thrive

44
Q

Community Psychology

A

Studies how people interact with their social environments and its effects

45
Q

Testing effect

A

enhanced memory after retrieving information

46
Q

SQ3R

A

study method incorporating 5 steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, review

47
Q

Forsenic psychology

A

Applying principles to legal issues

48
Q

Health psychology

A

Designs programs for healthcare and government improvement

49
Q

Neuropsychology

A

Relationship between nervous system and behavior

AP PSYCH (3 decks)

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