UNIT 1 - Psychology's History & Approaches Flashcards
Empiricism
the belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation
Wilhem Wundt
father of psychology
G. Stanley Hall
american psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association
Structuralism
the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind
William James
Said that thinking developed because it was adaptive.
Functionalism
How mental and behavioral processes enable organisms to survive
Mary Whiton Calkins
American Psychological Association’s first female president
Margaret Floy Washburn
Wrote “The Animal Mind”
Experimental Psychology
the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method
Sigmund Freud
Said emotional responses to childhood experiences and our unconscious thought processes affect our behavior
John B Watson
redefined psychology as “the scientific study of observable behavior”
B.F. Skinner
Behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by training pigeons and rats
Behaviorism
the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only
Humanistic Psychology
perspective that emphasized the personal growth potential of healthy people
Carl Rogers
Said environmental influences can affect growth potential. Said we need love and acceptance.
Cognitive nueroscience
the study of brain activity linked with mental activity
Psychology
the science of behavior and mental processes
Ivan Pavlov
classical conditioning; dogs and saliva
Jean Piaget
cognitive development in children
Nature-nurture issue
Are our human traits present at birth, or do they develop through experience?
Charles Darwin
Natural selection
Natural selection
Nature selects traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in their environment
Levels of Analysis
The different views for analyzing phenomenons
biopsychsocial approach
Approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
Behavioral Psychology
observable behavior
Biological Psychology
the links between biological and psychological processes
Cognitive Psychology
how people think, learn, and remember
evolutionary psychology
the evolution and behavior and mind; natural selection
psychodynamic psychology
how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
social-cultural psychology
how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking
Psychometrics
Measuring human abilities, attitudes and traits
Basic research
pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
Developmental psychology
Physical, cognitive, and social change throughout life time
Educational psychology
how psychological processes affect and enhance teaching and learning
personality psychology
an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Social psychology
how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Applied Research
aims to solve practical problems
Industrial-Organizational psychology
behavior in the workplace
Human Factors psychology
how people and machines interact
Counseling psychology
Assists people with problems
Clinical psychology
studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
Psychiatry
medicine dealing with psychological disorders
Positive Psychology
Promoting strengths to help individuals and communities thrive
Community Psychology
Studies how people interact with their social environments and its effects
Testing effect
enhanced memory after retrieving information
SQ3R
study method incorporating 5 steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, review
Forsenic psychology
Applying principles to legal issues
Health psychology
Designs programs for healthcare and government improvement
Neuropsychology
Relationship between nervous system and behavior
