Unit 2: Quiz Questions Flashcards
The strands in a DNA molecule are: (2)
- complementary
- antiparallel
Deoxyribonucleic acid is used for: (2)
- transmission of information
- storage of information
List the levels of genetic information in order from smallest to largest
- exon; gene; chromosome; genome
All of the genetic material transferred from a parent to an offspring is known as a:
- genome
There is no correlation between genome size and complexity of an organism, is this statement true or false?
- true
The size of a genome is measured by:
- the number of base pairs
Only 2.5 percent of the human genome actually codes for proteins. The other 97.5 percent includes: (3)
- repetitive DNA
- introns
- templates for noncoding RNA
Nucleoids, structures composed of supercoils of DNA that form multiple loops, are found in:
- bacteria
The level of DNA packaging brought about by the formation of _____ looks like beads on a string
- nucleosomes
In a deoxyribonucleotide, what chemical group is found at the 2’ carbon of the sugar component?
- a hydrogen
A phenotype always refers to something that you can see with your eyes, like hair colour or eye colour, is this statement true or false?
- false
In a double-stranded DNA molecule, the strands are said to be antiparallel because:
- each strand runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction
What steps are necessary for eukaryotic transcription to begin? (3)
- general transcription factors
- DNA looping brings transcriptional activator proteins, general transcriptional factors, mediator complex, and RNA Pol II together
- transcriptional activator proteins bind to enhancers
The same strand in a DNA double helix is used as the template strand for transcription of every gene in a given chromosome, is this statement true or false?
- false
A template strand of DNA is read in the _____ direction in order to direct synthesis of RNA in the _____ direction
- 3’ to 5’
- 5’ to 3’
Transcription continues until:
- a terminator sequence is encountered
In E. coli, the molecule(s) responsible for promoter recognition is/are referred to as:
- the sigma factor
Which is a function of the RNA-polymerase complex? (3)
- to disrupt the DNA double helix
- to perform polymerization reaction
- to stabilize the RNA-DNA duplex
Which RNA type is the most abundant in mammalian cells?
rRNA
An intron is:
an RNA sequence that is removed during the processing of an RNA molecule in the nucleus
In which cellular process is RNA involved? (2)
- splicing
- transcription and translation
Transcription of RNA from DNA in eukaryotes requires: (4)
- a promoter sequence
- transcription factors
- activator proteins
- RNA polymerase
An RNA transcript is synthesized in which direction?
5’ to 3’
In a protein-coding region of DNA, a mutation that replaces a single nucleotide, but does not change the resulting amino acid, is likely to be:
at the 3’ position in a codon of the transcribed mRNA
Which of the following brings amino acids to the ribosome for use in translation
tRNA
When a peptide bond is created between two amino acids
- the carboxyl group of the first amino acid is joined to the amino group of the second
All 64 possible codons have corresponding anticodons in tRNAs, is this statement true or false?
- false
Binding sites for tRNA are located in:
the large ribosomal unit
A consecutive sequence of codons following a start codon is called a:
- reading frame
Which one of the types of proteins interacts directly with a stop codon?
- release factor
