Unit 2: Quiz Questions Flashcards
The strands in a DNA molecule are: (2)
- complementary
- antiparallel
Deoxyribonucleic acid is used for: (2)
- transmission of information
- storage of information
List the levels of genetic information in order from smallest to largest
- exon; gene; chromosome; genome
All of the genetic material transferred from a parent to an offspring is known as a:
- genome
There is no correlation between genome size and complexity of an organism, is this statement true or false?
- true
The size of a genome is measured by:
- the number of base pairs
Only 2.5 percent of the human genome actually codes for proteins. The other 97.5 percent includes: (3)
- repetitive DNA
- introns
- templates for noncoding RNA
Nucleoids, structures composed of supercoils of DNA that form multiple loops, are found in:
- bacteria
The level of DNA packaging brought about by the formation of _____ looks like beads on a string
- nucleosomes
In a deoxyribonucleotide, what chemical group is found at the 2’ carbon of the sugar component?
- a hydrogen
A phenotype always refers to something that you can see with your eyes, like hair colour or eye colour, is this statement true or false?
- false
In a double-stranded DNA molecule, the strands are said to be antiparallel because:
- each strand runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction
What steps are necessary for eukaryotic transcription to begin? (3)
- general transcription factors
- DNA looping brings transcriptional activator proteins, general transcriptional factors, mediator complex, and RNA Pol II together
- transcriptional activator proteins bind to enhancers
The same strand in a DNA double helix is used as the template strand for transcription of every gene in a given chromosome, is this statement true or false?
- false
A template strand of DNA is read in the _____ direction in order to direct synthesis of RNA in the _____ direction
- 3’ to 5’
- 5’ to 3’
Transcription continues until:
- a terminator sequence is encountered
In E. coli, the molecule(s) responsible for promoter recognition is/are referred to as:
- the sigma factor
Which is a function of the RNA-polymerase complex? (3)
- to disrupt the DNA double helix
- to perform polymerization reaction
- to stabilize the RNA-DNA duplex
Which RNA type is the most abundant in mammalian cells?
rRNA
An intron is:
an RNA sequence that is removed during the processing of an RNA molecule in the nucleus
In which cellular process is RNA involved? (2)
- splicing
- transcription and translation
Transcription of RNA from DNA in eukaryotes requires: (4)
- a promoter sequence
- transcription factors
- activator proteins
- RNA polymerase
An RNA transcript is synthesized in which direction?
5’ to 3’
In a protein-coding region of DNA, a mutation that replaces a single nucleotide, but does not change the resulting amino acid, is likely to be:
at the 3’ position in a codon of the transcribed mRNA
