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AP psych > Unit 2 Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Quiz 1 Flashcards

1.1-1.3a

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1
Q

Behavior genetics

A

Studies how genes and environment influence behavior.
(Synonym: genetic psychology; Antonym: environmental determinism)

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2
Q

Eugenics

A

Belief in improving human population by controlled breeding.
(Synonym: selective breeding; Antonym: genetic diversity)

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3
Q

Monozygotic Twins

A

Identical twins from one fertilized egg.
(Synonym: identical twins; Antonym: dizygotic twins)

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4
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Fraternal twins from two fertilized eggs.
(Synonym: fraternal twins; Antonym: monozygotic twins)

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5
Q

Epigenetics

A

Study of how environment changes gene expression without altering DNA.
(Synonym: gene expression; Antonym: genetic determinism)

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6
Q

Twin studies versus adoption studies

A

( nature-nature issue? )
Compare genetics vs. environment on traits using twins and adopted individuals.
(Synonym: behavioral studies; Antonym: single-subject studies)

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7
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord controlling body functions.
(Synonym: CNS; Antonym: peripheral nervous system)

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8
Q

Peripheral Nervous system

A

Connects CNS to limbs and organs.
(Synonym: PNS; Antonym: central nervous system)

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9
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Controls involuntary functions like heartbeat, digestion.
(Synonym: involuntary system; Antonym: somatic nervous system)

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10
Q

Somatic Nervous system

A

Controls voluntary muscle movements.
(Synonym: voluntary system; Antonym: autonomic nervous system)

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11
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Activates “fight or flight” response.
(Synonym: stress response; Antonym: parasympathetic nervous system)

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12
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Calms the body after stress.
(Synonym: rest and digest; Antonym: sympathetic nervous system)

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13
Q

Reflex arc

A

Automatic nerve response to a stimulus.
(Synonym: automatic response; Antonym: voluntary response)

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14
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cell that transmits signals.
(Synonym: nerve cell; Antonym: glial cell)

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15
Q

Glial cells

A

Support and protect neurons.
(Synonym: support cells; Antonym: neuron)

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16
Q

Refractory principle

A

Period when a neuron can’t fire again immediately.
(Synonym: recovery phase; Antonym: active phase)

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17
Q

Threshold

A

Minimum stimulus needed to trigger a neuron.
(Synonym: activation point; Antonym: subthreshold)

18
Q

Depolarization

A

Neuron’s charge changes, leading to action potential.
(Synonym: charge reversal; Antonym: polarization)

19
Q

Resting potential

A

Stable, negative charge of an inactive neuron.
(Synonym: resting state; Antonym: action potential)

20
Q

Reuptake

A

Neurotransmitters reabsorbed by neuron after signaling.
(Synonym: neurotransmitter recycling; Antonym: release)

21
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Disease damaging myelin in CNS.
(Synonym: MS; Antonym: healthy nervous system)

22
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Autoimmune disease weakening muscles.
(Synonym: muscle weakness; Antonym: muscle strength)

23
Q

Motor neurons

A

Transmit signals from CNS to muscles.
(Synonym: efferent neurons; Antonym: sensory neurons)

24
Q

Excitatory Neurotransmitter

A

Transmit sensory information to CNS.
(Synonym: afferent neurons; Antonym: motor neurons)

25
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Increases likelihood of neuron firing.
(Synonym: activator; Antonym: inhibitory neurotransmitter)

26
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

Decreases likelihood of neuron firing.
(Synonym: suppressor; Antonym: excitatory neurotransmitter)

27
Q

Dopamine

A

Neurotransmitter for reward and pleasure.
(Synonym: pleasure chemical; Antonym: serotonin)

28
Q

Serotonin

A

Neurotransmitter affecting mood, sleep, appetite.
(Synonym: mood stabilizer; Antonym: dopamine)

29
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter for alertness and stress response.
(Synonym: noradrenaline; Antonym: acetylcholine)

30
Q

Glutamate

A

Main excitatory neurotransmitter.
(Synonym: activator; Antonym: GABA)

31
Q

GABA

A

Main inhibitory neurotransmitter.
(Synonym: relaxant; Antonym: glutamate)

32
Q

Substance P

A

Neurotransmitter for pain transmission.
(Synonym: pain signaler; Antonym: endorphins)

33
Q

Endorphins

A

Natural painkillers released by the body.
(Synonym: pain relievers; Antonym: substance P)

34
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter for muscle movement and memory.
(Synonym: ACh; Antonym: norepinephrine)

35
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers regulating body processes.
(Synonym: body regulators; Antonym: enzymes)

36
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Master gland controlling hormones.
(Synonym: master gland; Antonym: thyroid gland)

37
Q

Adrenaline

A

Hormone for “fight or flight” response.
(Synonym: epinephrine; Antonym: melatonin)

38
Q

Leptin

A

Hormone that reduces hunger.
(Synonym: appetite suppressor; Antonym: ghrelin)

39
Q

Ghrelin

A

Hormone that increases hunger.
(Synonym: hunger hormone; Antonym: leptin)

40
Q

Melatonin

A

Hormone regulating sleep-wake cycles.
(Synonym: sleep hormone; Antonym: adrenaline)

41
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone for bonding and trust.
(Synonym: bonding hormone; Antonym: cortisol)

AP psych (5 decks)

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