Unit 2 pt. 2

Question 1

Set of chemical reactions in which energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used in the synthesis of simple sugars.

Answer 1

Calvin Cycle

Question 2

Either of two types of photosynthetic pigments that absorb strongly in the blue and red wavelengths, the main photosynthetic pigments in plants.

Answer 2

Chlorophyll

Question 3

Set of redox reactions in which energy from sunlight is converted to chemical energy.

Answer 3

Light Reactions

Question 4

In cells, the energy released in exergonic reactions is used to drive endergonic reactions.

Answer 4

Energy Coupling

Question 5

The metabolic breaking down of complex molecules into simpler substituents

Answer 5

Catabolism

Question 6

The class of enzymes that hydrolyzes a phosphate group from proteins is..

Answer 6

Phosphatases

Question 7

The infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called…

Answer 7

Cristae

Question 8

Type of reaction is one in which the products of the reaction have a higher level of free energy than the starting reactants.

Answer 8

Endergonic

Question 9

Vitamins are required in the diet because they are either precursors for, or act directly as __ in enzymatic reactions

Answer 9

Coenzymes

Question 10

The stage of cellular respiration in which acetyl CoA is oxidized to form carbon dioxide is __.

Answer 10

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 11

The enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose in the first step of glycolysis is __.

Answer 11

Hexokinase

Question 12

Describes the metabolic building up of complex molecules from simpler substituents.

Answer 12

Anabolism

Question 13

The coenzyme that acts as a high energy electron carrier in redox reactions in both the citric acid cycle and glycolysis is __.

Answer 13

NAD+

Question 14

The enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of pyruvate to form CO2 and transfers the remaining acetyl group to CoA is called __.

Answer 14

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

Question 15

Complex of light harvesting pigments, proteins and the reaction center that form the basis for the photosynthetic light reactions

Answer 15

Photosystem

Question 16

The phenomenon wherein substrate binding to one subunit of a multisubunit enzyme leads to a shape change in the other subunits, causing a higher affinity for substrate is referred to as __

Answer 16

Cooperativity

Question 17

The synthesis of ATP that relies on proton flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane is called __

Answer 17

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 18

Component of the photosystem where the special chlorophyll pair and primary electron acceptor are located.

Answer 18

Reaction Center

Question 19

The cluster of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that establishes a proton gradient across the membrane is the __.

Answer 19

Electron Transport Chain

Question 20

Graphical plot of pigment light absorption versus wavelength is referred to as a/an ___.

Answer 20

Absorption Spectrum

Question 21

The flow of hydrogen ions through ATP Synthase is referred to as __.

Answer 21

Chemiosmosis

Question 22

The general mechanism by which enzymes catalyze chemical reactions is by stabilizing the energetically unfavorable __ between substrate and product.

Answer 22

Transition State

Question 23

The term that describes the existence of distinct metabolic pathways interconnected by common intermediates within the pathways is __.

Answer 23

Intermediary Metabolism

Question 24

The synthesis of ATP by the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a higher energy phosphate containing molecule is called __.

Answer 24

Phosphorylation

Question 25

The space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane is called the __.

Answer 25

Intermembrane Space

Question 26

The region of an enzyme where substrate binds and catalysis occurs is called the __.

Answer 26

Active Site

Question 27

The HIV encoded enzyme that cleaves its polypeptide into individual functional proteins is __.

Answer 27

Protease

Question 28

Pattern of redox and electron transfer reactions that result in the formation of ATP, but no NADPH.

Answer 28

Cyclic Electron Flow

Question 29

The HIV encoded enzyme that copies its RNA genome into a DNA molecule is __.

Answer 29

Reverse Transcriptase

Question 30

The phenomenon wherein a substance binds to an enzyme at the active site and prevents substrate binding is called __.

Answer 30

Competitive Inhibition

Question 31

The mechanism of enzymatic regulation in which a substance binds to an enzyme at a region distal to the active site and causes a shape change that either activates or inactivates catalysis is called __.

Answer 31

Allostery

Question 32

The coenzyme that acts as a high energy electron carrier in redox reactions in photosynthesis is __.

Answer 32

NADP

Question 33

race minerals are required elements in the diet because they function as __ in enzymatic reactions.

Answer 33

Cofactors

Question 34

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions; they generally have names with the suffix ending __.

Answer 34

-ase

Question 35

A chemical reaction involving the gain of electrons or control over electrons is called __.

Answer 35

Reduction

Question 36

The coenzyme that acts as a high energy electron carrier in a redox reaction in the citric acid cycle, but not in glycolysis is __.

Answer 36

FAD

Question 37

The class of enzymes that catalyzes transfer of a phosphate group to proteins is __.

Answer 37

Protein Kinases

Question 38

Pattern of redox and electron transfer reactions that result in the formation of both ATP and NADPH.

Answer 38

Linear Electron Flow

Question 39

The molecule used to couple exergonic and endergonic reactions in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is __.

Answer 39

ATP

Question 40

The chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons or control over electrons is called __.

Answer 40

Oxidation

Question 41

The enzyme that resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane and synthesizes ATP is called __

Answer 41

ATP Synthase

Question 42

The enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to form fructose 1,6 bisphosphate in glycolysis is __.

Answer 42

Phosphofructokinase

Question 43

The stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is oxidized to form pyruvate is __.

Answer 43

Glycolysis

Question 44

Even in chemically favorable reactions an energy barrier called the __ exists which significantly slows reaction rate in the absence of enzyme.

Answer 44

Activation Energy

Question 45

The space enclosed by the inner mitochondrial membrane is the __ of the mitochondrion.

Answer 45

Matrix

Question 46

The concentration gradient of hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane is referred to as the __, a term that describes its capacity to provide the energy for ATP synthesis.

Answer 46

Proton Motive Force

Question 47

The __ model describes the interaction of an enzyme and substrate in which binding leads to a shape change in the enzyme and a tighter interaction at the active site

Answer 47

Induced Fit

Question 48

The phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP are covalent linkages between __ groups.

Answer 48

Phophate

Question 49

An __ reaction is one in which the products of the reaction have a lower level of free energy than the starting reactants.

Answer 49

Exergonic

Question 50

The term __ refers to all of the chemical reactions occurring in an organism.

Answer 50

Metabolism

Question 51

When a substance binds an enzyme at a region distant from the active site and disrupts catalysis, this is called __.

Answer 51

Noncompetitive Inhibition

Question 52

Graphical plot of photosynthetic rate at various wavelengths of light is referred to as ___.

Answer 52

Action Spectrum