UNIT 2 : Proteins Flashcards
Where might me find proteins?
Food
In the body
In animals
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are highly specific catalysts which control the rates of the many reactions in the body. In simple terms, they are biological catalysts
What are the two types of protein structure?
Fibrous Proteins
Globular Proteins
What do many proteins consist of?
Some proteins are made up of one single polypeptide chain, but many consist of two or more polypeptide chains
What are fibrous proteins?
Fibrous chains are ones in which the polypeptide chains are interwoven
What are the properties of fibrous proteins?
Toughness
Insolubility
Resistance to change in pH and temperature
What are globular proteins?
Globular proteins are ones in which the polypeptide chains are coiled together in spherical shapes
Are enzymes fibrous or globular proteins?
Globular
What are some examples of fibrous proteins?
Skin
Tissue
Hair
Nails
What are some examples of globular proteins?
Insulin
Haemoglobin
Many hormones
What is the narrow optimum range?
The temperature or pH that makes the peak of an enzyme’s activity
At what temperature are the bonds which hold most of the biological enzymes together broken?
60 Degrees Celsius
What is the critical part of an enzyme called?
The active site
What elements do all proteins contain?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Which of the elements of proteins is the most essential?
Nitrogen
How are proteins made?
The condensation polymerisation of amino acids
Where are some of the amino acids made?
In the body
What is the name given to the amino acids which the body cannot manufacture?
Essential Amino Acids
What are the two functional groups in all amino acids?
Amino Group
Carboxyl Group
What determines the nature of an amino acid?
The structure in between the amino and carboxyl groups
What happens when the amino acids come together?
The amino group of one acid links to the carboxyl group of another acid
What is the name of the bond formed when two amino acids come together?
Peptide bond or Amino link
What is made as a bi-product in the production of proteins?
Water
On the hydrolysis of a protein, how many moles of water are needed?
The same as the number of peptide bonds
